Ukucutshungulwa kwesithombe sekhompyutha: ukuthi isofthiwe iziphatha kanjani lezi zinhlobo zamafayela

Umhlahlandlela Wehadiwe » Isofthiwe » Ukucutshungulwa Kwesithombe Sekhompyutha: Indlela Isofthiwe Esingatha Ngayo Lezi Zinhlobo Zamafayela

Ukucutshungulwa kwezithombe ngamakhompyutha sekuyinto ekhona yonke indawo ekuphileni kwethu kwansuku zonke, kuthonya yonke into kusukela ekuthwebuleni izithombe namafilimu kuya kwezokwelapha kanye nokukhangisa. Ezweni elibonakala kakhulu, ikhono lokushintsha nokuthuthukisa izithombe ngedijithali selibaluleke kakhulu, ngesofthiwe nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezithuthuka kakhulu ezikuvumela ukuthi ushintshe izithombe ngemizuzwana kumadivayisi eselula. Nansi indlela lolu hlobo lokucutshungulwa kwezithombe olusebenza ngayo.

Siyini isithombe sekhompyutha?

Isithombe sedijithali, noma isithombe sekhompyutha, siwukubonakaliswa kwesithombe okunezinhlangothi ezimbili okudalwe kusuka ku-matrix yezinombolo, ngokuvamile ngefomethi ye-binary (eyakhiwe ngo-ones no-zero). Uhlobo lwesithombe lungaba yi-static noma i-dynamic, ngaleyo ndlela kunqunywe ukuthi ngabe isithombe se-raster (noma i-bitmap) noma i-vector graphic, njengoba sizobona kamuva.

Kunezindlela ezahlukahlukene zokuthola izithombe zedijithali , njengokuskena noma ukuthwebula isithombe ukuze siguqulwe sibe yidijithali. Zingadwetshwa noma zikhiqizwe kusetshenziswa isofthiwe, i-AI, noma ukudweba.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele wazi ukuthi lezi zithombe ezenziwe ngekhompyutha zingashintshwa kalula kusetshenziswa isofthiwe efanele; ngamanye amazwi, aziguquki. Isibonelo, amathuluzi ahlukahlukene okuhlela, izihlungi, ukususa, ukushintsha usayizi, nezinye izici zingasetshenziswa.

Uma isithombe sesidaliwe noma sesishintshiwe, singagcinwa ngefomethi ethile. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zezithombe, ngayinye inezici zayo. Isibonelo, kune-JPG, i-PNG, i-BMP, i-SVG, nezinye. Ifomethi ngayinye inesethi yayo yezidingo zokugcina, ukuhlela, nokubukwa.

Ngokuvamile, amafayela ezithombe agciniwe anezingxenye eziningana ezifana nalezi:

• I-Headboard: Igcina idatha njengezibaluli ezibonisa ubukhulu besithombe, uhlobo lombhalo wekhodi (ifomethi), njll.
• Isithombe kanambambili: Lona ulwazi mayelana nesithombe ngokwaso, okungukuthi, indlela isithombe esakhiwe ngayo ngokuma, imibala, njll. Futhi lesi sakhiwo singahluka kuye ngefomethi.
• ImethadathaAmafayela ahlanganisa nesigaba semethadatha, okuwulwazi olwengeziwe olungahluka kakhulu kuye ngefomethi. Isibonelo, lokhu kungabandakanya ukuzwela kokukala, idethi yokulungiswa, ukuthi ubani odale ifayela, ngisho nedatha ethile evamise ukusetshenziswa amakhamera edijithali noma isofthiwe ethile.

Izici zesithombe sedijithali

Izici eziyisisekelo zesithombe sedijithali zifaka:

• Isinqumo: Isho inombolo yamaphikseli akha isithombe. Ngokuvamile kuvezwa njengenani lamaphikseli ngobubanzi nobude, isibonelo, 1920x1080 px. Ukulungiswa kuthinta ikhwalithi nokucaca kwesithombe, ngokulungiswa okuphezulu okubonisa imininingwane eyengeziwe.
• Ukujula Kombala (Amabhithi ngePixel): Ibonisa ukuthi mangaki amabhithi asetshenziselwa ukumela umbala wephikseli ngayinye. Isibonelo, ukujula kombala kwamabhithi angu-8 esiteshini ngasinye se-RGB kusho ukuthi kunamabhithi angu-8 (amanani angenzeka angama-256) amele izingxenye ezibomvu, eziluhlaza, neziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka zephikseli ngayinye. Ukujula kombala okuphakeme kuvumela uhla olubanzi lwemibala ukuthi lumelwe, lunikeze ukunotha kombala okukhulu nemininingwane esithombeni.
• Isikhala sombala: Ichaza ukuthi imibala imelelwa futhi ihlelwe kanjani esithombeni. Izibonelo ezijwayelekile zifaka i-RGB (Okubomvu, Okuluhlaza, Okuhlaza okwesibhakabhaka), i-CMYK (Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, Black), kanye ne-grayscale. Isikhala sombala sinomthelela ekukhiqizeni kabusha umbala okunembile futhi sibalulekile ezinhlelweni ezinjengokwakheka kwezithombe, ukuphrinta, nokuthatha izithombe.
• I-Aspect ratio: Isilinganiso esiphakathi kobubanzi nobude besithombe. Ingavezwa njengesilinganiso (isb., 16:9) noma njengengxenyana (isb., 4/3). I-aspect ratio inquma umumo nokubukeka okubonakalayo kwesithombe, futhi ibalulekile ekubonisweni ezikrinini nasekuqageleni.
• Usayizi Wefayela: inani lesikhala isithombe esisithathayo kusitoreji sedijithali. Ikalwa ngamabhayithi, amakhilobhayithi (KB), amamegabhayithi (MB), noma amanye amayunithi. Usayizi wefayela unomthelela ekusebenzeni kahle kokugcinwa kwesithombe, ukudluliswa, nokucubungula.
• Ifomethi yefayela: Icacisa ukuthi idatha yesithombe igcinwa futhi ihlelwe kanjani. Izibonelo zifaka i-JPEG, i-PNG, i-GIF, i-TIFF, nezinye eziningi, ezingaba ngumnikazi noma umthombo ovulekile, ocindezelwe noma ongacindezelwanga. Amafomethi ahlukene anezinzuzo ezithile, njengokuminyanisa okungalahleki (PNG), ukucindezela kokulahlekelwa okusebenzayo (JPEG), noma ukusekela ukugqwayiza (GIF).
• Imethadatha: Imethadatha iwulwazi olwengeziwe olushumekwe esithombeni, njengedethi yokudala, indawo, noma imininingwane yekhamera esetshenzisiwe. Imethadatha ilusizo ekuhleleni nasekuhlukaniseni izithombe ngezigaba, kanye nokuhlinzeka ngolwazi lwengqikithi mayelana nokuthwebula.

Lezi zici zibalulekile ekuqondeni nasekusebenzeni ngezithombe zedijithali, njengoba ziba nomthelela kwikhwalithi yokubonwayo, ukukhohlisa, ukudluliswa, nokugcinwa kolwazi olubonakalayo.

Izinhlobo zezithombe ngokusho kokuqeqeshwa

Ngokuya ngokwakheka kwesithombe nokugcinwa kwaso kungobo yomlando, singathola izinhlobo ezimbili ezibalulekile okufanele uzazi, njenge:

IBitmap

Isithombe se-raster, esaziwa nangokuthi isithombe se-bitmap noma se-raster, isethi yedatha emele igridi engunxande yamaphikseli noma amachashazi anombala. Le gridi ingabukwa, iguqulwe, noma idalwe kusetshenziswa isofthiwe yokudweba.

Izithombe ze-Bitmap zivame ukubonakala ngokuphakama nobubanzi bazo ngamaphikseli (yize ezinye izindlela nazo zingenzeka), kanye nokujula kombala wazo ngama-bits ngephikseli ngayinye. Ukujula kwe-Bit kunquma inani lemibala ehlukile engagcinwa endaweni ngayinye noma iphikseli. Ngamanye amazwi, lapho ukujula kwe-bit kukhulu, kulapho ikhwalithi yesithombe iba ngcono, noma okungenani kucebile kakhulu umbala.

Kubalulekile futhi ukuqaphela ukuthi iphuzu ngalinye noma iphikseli eyakha i-bitmap liqukethe ulwazi lombala oluzimele, olumelelwa iziteshi ezihlukene. Le mibala ingaba ngamafomethi ahlukene, njenge- RGB eyaziwayo, i-CMYK, i-LAB , njll. Amanye ama-bitmap athuthukile angafaka ngisho nesiteshi sokucaca noma ungqimba olunobubanzi obufanayo nemibala, ngaleyo ndlela evumela amazinga ahlukene okucaca. Lokhu kusetshenziswa kumafomethi amafayela athuthukile njenge-PNG noma i-TIFF, njengoba amanye amafomethi afana ne-BMP, i-JPG, njll., awasekeli ukucaca; alula, abonisa nje amaphikseli anombala ohambisanayo ukwakha isithombe.

Izithombe ze-Bitmap zinomkhawulo uma kuqhathaniswa nezithombe ze-vector: ubukhulu bazo abukwazi ukushintshwa ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa okuphawulekayo kwekhwalithi. Zingakhuliswa ngokulahlekelwa okukhulu kwekhwalithi, futhi zingancishiswa, yize lokhu kulahlekelwa kungabonakali kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, isinqumo lapho i-bitmap idalwe khona sibalulekile. Zombili izinhlelo zokusebenza zokuhlela izithombe namadivayisi okuthwebula akuvumela ukuthi ushintshe isinqumo kuzilungiselelo zazo. Isibonelo, ungakhetha i-bitmap engu-512x512 px, noma i-1280x720 px, njalo njalo. Uma isinqumo siphezulu, usayizi wefayela uyanda, kodwa uzoba nemininingwane eminingi ngenxa yokubalwa kwamaphikseli aphezulu.

Ihluzo ze-Bitmap zimane zigcine umbala wephikseli ngayinye ku-matrix ngaphakathi kwengxenye yesithombe se-binary yefayela, kanye nesihloko kanye ne-metadata. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ama-bitmap asetshenziswa kabanzi ekuthwebuleni izithombe zedijithali kanye nokudweba ezinhlelweni ezidumile ezifana ne-Paint, i-Corel PaintShop, i-Krita, njll.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi lawa ma-bitmap angaguqulwa kusuka kwenye ifomethi aye kwenye kusetshenziswa isofthiwe efanele. Angacindezelwa ngisho nokunciphisa usayizi wefayela kanye nesikhathi sokulayisha, yize lokhu kungabangela ukulahlekelwa okuthile kwekhwalithi. I-bitmap ingaguqulwa futhi ibe isithombe se-vector. Ukuguqula i-bitmap ibe yi-vector graphic kwaziwa ngokuthi i-vectorization, kuyilapho inqubo ephambene yokuguqula i-vector graphic ibe yi-bitmap yaziwa ngokuthi i-rasterization.

Umfanekiso weVector

Isithombe sevektha , esibizwa nangokuthi i-vektha graphic, siwumfanekiso wedijithali owakhiwe ngezinto zejiyometri, njengezingxenye, ama-polygon, ama-arcs, ama-polyline, ama-ellipses, imibuthano, ama-Bézier curves, ama-bezigon, umbhalo (i-TrueType noma i-FreeType), kanye nezindonga, ngasinye sichazwa yizimfanelo zezibalo ezifana nesimo, isikhundla, i-angle, umbala, njll. Lokhu kuvumela izithombe zekhompyutha ezinamandla kakhulu kune-bitmaps.

Ngakho-ke, sinesithombe esihlukile kunaleso esasibona ngaphambilini kuma-bitmap, okuyi-matrix yamaphikseli anolwazi lwawo lombala. Inzuzo enkulu yezithombe ze-vector yikhono lazo lokushintsha usayizi wesithombe ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa yikhwalithi. Ngakho-ke, isithombe singadalwa ngosayizi othile bese silinganiswa ngosayizi owufunayo ngaphandle kwalezi zinkinga zokulahlekelwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zivumela ukuphathwa okulula, ukwelulwa, kanye nokuguqulwa kwezithombe. Lawa makhono abangelwa iqiniso lokuthi awagcini amaphikseli nombala wawo kumephu noma ku-matrix, kodwa kunalokho agcina ulwazi esithombeni se-binary sezinto ezakha isithombe. Ngakho-ke, ngokushintsha nje isici sosayizi, angakhuliswa ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa.

Ngenxa yalokhu kuguquguquka, ihluzo zevektha zivame ukusetshenziswa ezithombeni zezinhlelo ze-CAD , ezithombeni ezikumadokhumenti e-PostScript kanye ne-PDF, ekudaleni amafonti e-TrueType, i-OpenType, kanye ne-PostScript, njll., kanye nemidlalo yevidiyo edinga ukuzivumelanisa nosayizi wesikrini noma isixazululo , kumawebhusayithi, ukukhangisa, ukuphrinta, ama-spetter okusika, imishini ye-CAM kanye ne-CNC, njll.

Amafomethi amafayela ehluzo zevektha nawo angahluka, njenge-bitmaps. Isibonelo, amanye amafomethi adumile afaka i-SWF, i-SVG, kanye ne-VML , phakathi kwezinye. Izinhlelo zokusebenza ngalezi zinhlobo zezithombe zifaka i-Inkscape, i-InDesign, i-CorelDRAW, i-Adobe Illustrator, nezinye.

Okokugcina, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ihluzo ze-vector zingabandakanya nokubonakala okufana nama-bitmap, nokuthi anezinye izinzuzo ngaphezu kwama-bitmap, njenge:

• Zidinga indawo yokugcina encane, njengoba ulwazi lwe-vector lulula, uma luqhathaniswa namabhithi namashaneli.
• Azilahlekelwa yikhwalithi uma zishintshwa usayizi, okuvumela ukukala okungenamkhawulo.
• Amanye amafomethi asekela ukugqwayiza.

Kodwa-ke, inezinkinga zayo uma iqhathaniswa nama-bitmaps, njengalawa alandelayo:

• Azikulungele ukubhala ngekhodi izithombe zomhlaba wangempela noma amavidiyo, njengalawo ashuthwe amakhamera, izikena, njll.
• Idatha echaza umfanekiso wevekhtha idinga ukucutshungulwa, okunganciphisa ukunikezwa ezikrinini noma kumaphrinta. Futhi noma ngabe isithombe sakhiwe ngezithombe zevekhtha, isibonisi saso kufanele ekugcineni sihunyushwe sibe amaphikseli esikrinini noma esiphrintiwe.

Izinhlobo zezithombe ngokuya ngokucindezelwa kwazo

Ukucindezelwa kwesithombe kuyinqubo ebalulekile ekuphathweni kwedatha ebonakalayo, okuvumela osayizi bamafayela ukuthi bancishiswe ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa kakhulu ikhwalithi yesithombe, yize izinga lokulahleka kwekhwalithi lincike enkambisweni yokucindezelwa esetshenziswayo. Kodwa-ke, ukwenza isithombe sibe sincane, noma sidinga isikhala esincane sokugcina, kungaba yinzuzo kumawebhusayithi lapho izikhathi zokulayisha ezisheshayo zingafiseleki, noma ekulondolozeni isikhala sokugcina.

Ngaphakathi kwezithombe ezicindezelwe, singagqamisa amasu noma ama-algorithms afana nalawa:

• Ukufakwa Kwekhodi Kobude Bokugijima (RLE): Kuyindlela elula kodwa esebenzayo yokuminyanisa izithombe, ikakhulukazi eziwusizo ezithombeni ezinezifunda ezinombala oqinile. Kule ndlela, ukulandelana okuphindaphindiwe kwamaphikseli kufakwa ikhodi ngokumela inani lephikseli nobude bokulandelana. Isibonelo, umugqa wamaphikseli amhlophe (255) esithombeni ungabhalwa ngokuthi "255, 10" uma kukhona amaphikseli angu-10 alandelanayo anenani elifanayo. Nakuba i-RLE iphumelela ezimweni ezithile, ukusebenza kwayo kungakhawulwa ezithombeni ezinokuhlukahluka kombala okuyinkimbinkimbi kanye nokuthungwa, njengoba ingahloli amaphethini ayinkimbinkimbi.
• I-JPEG (Iqembu Elihlangene Lochwepheshe Bezithombe): I-JPEG iyindinganiso yokucindezelwa kwesithombe esetshenziswa kakhulu. Ngokungafani ne-RLE, i-JPEG isebenzisa indlela yokucindezela elahlekile, okusho ukuthi ulwazi oluthile olubonakalayo lulahlekile, kodwa luvumela ukucindezela okwengeziwe. I-algorithm ye-JPEG isuselwe ku-discrete cosine transform (DCT) kanye nomthamo. Enqubweni ye-JPEG, isithombe sihlukaniswe ngamabhulokhi, futhi i-DCT isetshenziswa kubhulokhi ngayinye ukuguqula ulwazi lwendawo kulwazi lwemvamisa. I-Quantization iyenziwa, lapho amanani e-DCT encishiswa ukuze kususwe imininingwane engafuneki. Inani lokulahlekelwa lilawulwa yikhwalithi ekhethiwe phakathi nenqubo yokuminyanisa. Nakuba i-JPEG isebenza kahle kakhulu mayelana nokucindezela, ukulahlekelwa kolwazi kungabonakala, ikakhulukazi uma ukucindezela okunamandla kwenziwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ayilungele izithombe ezinezindawo ezinombala oqinile noma imininingwane emihle.
• I-PNG (Portable Network Graphics): enye ifomethi evamile esebenzisa ukucindezela okungalahleki. Ngokungafani ne-JPEG, i-PNG ilungele izithombe ezinezindawo ezinombala oqinile, ongafihli, nemininingwane ebukhali. Isebenzisa i-algorithm yokucindezela esekelwe ekubikezelweni nasekuhlungeni. Ku-PNG, uchungechunge lwezihlungi lusetshenziswa emugqeni ngamunye wamaphikseli ukuze kuncishiswe ukuphindaphindeka ngaphambi kokucindezelwa. Ukucindezelwa okungenakulahlekelwa kwenza i-PNG ithandeke ezimeni lapho ukwethembeka okubonakalayo kubalulekile.
• I-GIF (Ifomethi Yokushintshisana Kwezithombe): Yaziwa ngamandla ayo okugcina izithombe ezigqwayizayo, kodwa futhi iyifomethi yokuminyanisa esebenzayo yezithombe ezimile. Isebenzisa indlela yokucindezela i-Lempel-Ziv-Welch (LZW), ebheka ukulandelana okuphindaphindayo kwedatha bese ifaka amakhodi amafushane esikhundleni sawo. Nakuba i-GIF inikeza ukuminyanisa okusebenzayo, izifanele kakhulu izithombe ezinombala olinganiselwe, njengoba ingamela kuphela imibala efika ku-256.

Inqubo yokucubungula isithombe sekhompyutha

Ukucubungula izithombe zekhompyutha kubhekisela kusethi yamasu nama-algorithms asetshenziswa ukuphatha izithombe zedijithali kusetshenziswa uhlelo lwekhompyutha. Lo mkhakha uhlanganisa izimiso zobunjiniyela, izibalo, izibalo, kanye nesayensi yekhompyutha ukuhlaziya, ukuguqula, nokuthuthukisa izithombe ezivela emithonjeni ehlukahlukene, njengezithombe, ama-scanner, amakhamera edijithali, kanye nama-MRI scan, phakathi kwezinye.

Ukusetshenziswa kwalokhu kucubungula izithombe kungaba ukusetshenziswa okuhlukile, njengokuthwebula izithombe, ukuhlela noma ukuguqula okufanayo, ukukhiqiza izithombe ezihambayo, ukufaka emidlalweni yevidiyo, i-virtual reality, i-augmented noma i-mixed reality, njll.

Ngokuphathelene namasu asetshenziswa ekucubungulweni kwezithombe zekhompyutha, okulandelayo kufanele kuqokonyiswe:

• Ukuthwebula isithombe: Izithombe zedijithali zitholwa kusetshenziswa amadivayisi wokuthwebula njengamakhamera edijithali, izikena, noma ezinye izinzwa. Lezi zithombe, zimelelwe njengama-pixel afanayo, ziyisisekelo sokucutshungulwa kwesithombe.
• Iyacubungula ngaphambili: Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa amasu athile, ukucubungula ngaphambilini kuvame ukwenziwa ukuze kuthuthukiswe ikhwalithi yesithombe. Lokhu kungafaka phakathi imisebenzi efana nokulungiswa kombala, ukulungisa umehluko, ukususwa komsindo, nokulola.
• Kuhlungiwe: Izihlungi ezahlukahlukene zisetshenziselwa ukugqamisa, ukuthambisa, noma ukususa imininingwane ethile esithombeni. Izihlungi zingaba yilayini noma zingaqondile futhi zisetshenziswa ngokuya ngezinhloso ezithile zokucubungula.
• Ukuguqulwa kweJiyomethri: Ikuvumela ukuthi uguqule i-geometry yesithombe, njengokuzungezisa, ukukala, noma ukuhumusha. Lezi zinguquko ziwusizo ekuqondeni izithombe, ukulungisa ukuhlanekezela, nokwenza ukulungisa kwendawo.
• Ukuhlukaniswa: Kuqukethe ukuhlukanisa isithombe sibe amasegimenti anengqondo noma izifunda ezinezici ezifanayo. Ukuhlukaniswa kubalulekile ekubonweni kwephethini, ukutholwa kwento, nokuhlaziywa kokuqukethwe.
• Ukubonwa kwephethini: Ama-algorithms okufunda komshini nezindlela zokubona zekhompyutha zisetshenziswa ukukhomba amaphethini nezinto ezisezithombeni. Lokhu kubalulekile ezinhlelweni zokusebenza ezifana nokubonwa kobuso, ukuhlukaniswa kwezinto, nokuhlaziywa kwesithombe sezokwelapha.
• Ukubuyiselwa kwesithombe: Inhloso ukubuyisela noma ukuthuthukisa izithombe ezithintwe ukucekelwa phansi, njengalezo ezibangelwa umsindo, ukuphazamiseka noma ukuhlakazeka.
• Ukuminyanisa isithombe: Ukucindezela kunciphisa usayizi wamafayela esithombe ukuze kube lula ukugcinwa nokudluliswa. Ama-algorithms afana ne-JPEG ne-PNG avame ukusetshenziselwa le njongo.
• Ukufiphalisa: Ukufiphalisa kuyindlela enciphisa ukucijile nemininingwane esithombeni. Lokhu kufinyelelwa ngokusebenzisa isihlungi esilinganisa amanani amaphikseli azungezile, ukudala ukubukeka okuthambile, okungachazwanga kangako. Ukufiphalisa kusetshenziselwa ukunciphisa umsindo ezithombeni, ukufiphalisa imininingwane engafunwa, noma ukudala imiphumela ethambile yobuhle.
• Ukugqamisa (Ukukhulula): Kuyindlela egqamisa imiphetho nemininingwane yesithombe, idale ukubukeka okufana nokukhululeka. Kufinyelelwa ngokugqamisa izinguquko zokuqina phakathi kwamaphikseli angomakhelwane nokusebenzisa izithunzi nokugqamisa ukulingisa ukubukeka kwezinhlangothi ezintathu. Isetshenziselwa ukuthuthukisa ukubonakala kwemininingwane ezithombeni nokugqamisa izici ezibalulekile.
• Ukulola (Ukugxila): Ukulola kuyindlela egqamisa imininingwane namaphethelo esithombe ukuze sicace futhi sichazwe kakhudlwana. Kufinyelelwa ngokugcizelela umehluko wokushuba phakathi kwamaphikseli aseduze. Ukulola kusetshenziselwa ukuthuthukisa ukucaca nokuchazwa kwezithombe, ikakhulukazi lapho kugqanyiswa imininingwane emihle.
• Umbala Wamanzi: Ilingisa ukubukeka komdwebo we-watercolor. Ithambisa imiphetho futhi ifiphaze imibala, inikeze isithombe ukubukeka kobuciko nokuphilayo. I-Watercolor isetshenziselwa ukudala imiphumela yobuciko ezithombeni, ihlinzeka ngesitayela esihlukile, esipendiwe.
• I-Convolution Kernel: Kuyisu elisebenzisa ukuguqulwa kwendawo esithombeni ngokuhlanganisa isithombe nge-matrix ethile (i-kernel). Isici ngasinye se-kernel sinomthelela ekuguqulweni kokuqina kwamaphikseli endaweni yawo. Izinhlamvu ze-Convolution zibalulekile ekusebenziseni izihlungi kanye nemiphumela ekucutshungulweni kwesithombe, njengokufiphalisa, ukutholwa konqenqema, nokuthuthukisa imininingwane.