- I-ecosystem ye-BSD yasungulwa ocwaningweni eNyuvesi yaseBerkeley mayelana nohlelo lwe-Unix lokuqala.
- Ihlukaniswe kakhulu nge-FreeBSD, i-NetBSD kanye ne-OpenBSD, ngayinye inokugxila okuhlukile: ukusebenza, ukuphatheka kanye nokuphepha.
- Ngokungafani ne-Linux, i-BSD ithuthukisa amathuluzi e-kernel kanye ne-base njengephrojekthi ehlanganisiwe nehlanganisiwe.
- Ilayisensi yayo ivumela kakhulu, ivumela ikhodi yayo ukuthi inike amandla izinhlelo zezentengiselwano ezifana ne-macOS noma i-PS4.
Uma sihlola umhlaba wezinhlelo zokusebenza, sivame ukucabanga ukuthi yiWindows, macOS, neLinux kuphela ezikhona . Kodwa-ke, kukhona ikona elithakazelisayo nelinamandla elibizwa ngokuthi iBerkeley Software Distribution , elaziwa kakhulu ngokuthi i-BSD. Lolu hlelo aluyona into entsha; izimpande zalo zitholakala ngawo-70, lapho iNyuvesi yaseCalifornia, eBerkeley, iqala ukucubungula ikhodi ye-Unix ukuze icwaninge.
Okwenza i-BSD ibe ekhethekile ukuthi ayizange ihlale igxile kwezemfundo. Ngenxa yelayisensi yesofthiwe yamahhala evulekile ngendlela emangalisayo , ecishe ifinyelele emphakathini, le khodi isebenze njengesisekelo sezinhlobo eziningi ezahlukene. Akuzange kuvele amaphrojekthi omphakathi kuphela, kodwa nezinkampani eziningi zithathe nezingcezu ze-BSD ukudala isofthiwe eyimfihlo, okuchaza ukuthi kungani iminonjana ye-BSD ingatholakala kumadivayisi esiwasebenzisa nsuku zonke ngaphandle kokuthi siqaphele.
Imvelaphi kanye nokuvela komndeni we-BSD
Ukuze siqonde ukuthi sikuphi, kufanele sibuyele kuma-Bell Labs e-AT&T. Babengabanikazi be-Unix, futhi ekuqaleni, bavumela iBerkeley ukuthi izame ikhodi. Kodwa kwafika isikhathi lapho i-AT&T inquma ukuthi ibhizinisi liza kuqala futhi yahoxisa izimvume, okwaholela empini ebabayo yezomthetho . Umphumela waba yini? IBerkeley yaphoqeleka ukudala inguqulo yayo kusukela ekuqaleni, yasusa ikhodi yobunikazi futhi yaveza lokho esikwaziyo namuhla njenge-BSD.
Le nqubo ayizange ibe yize, njengoba i-BSD inikele ngezinto ezintsha esizithatha kalula manje. Kusukela ekuphathweni kwememori ebonakalayo enekhasi kuya ekusetshenzisweni kwe-TCP/IP stack, okuyiyona nsika ye-inthanethi. Eqinisweni, cishe zonke izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-TCP zanamuhla zivela ku-BSD-Lite version 4.4. Akumangazi ukuthi i-BSD ibhekwa njengendawo yokuzalwa kokuxhumana kwesimanje ekubalweni.
Ukusatshalaliswa okuyinhloko: i-FreeBSD, i-NetBSD, kanye ne-OpenBSD
Uma ufuna ukuzama i-BSD, cishe uzohlangana nalezi ezintathu ezinkulu. Eyokuqala yi -FreeBSD , okungenzeka ukuthi iyindlela ethandwa kakhulu. Yakhishwa ngo-1993, ifinyelela ibhalansi ephelele phakathi kokusebenza okuluhlaza kanye nokulula kokusebenzisa. Iyigugu eliyinhloko kulabo abasetha amaseva ewebhu, njengoba iphatha inethiwekhi ngokungenaphutha futhi isekela uhla olubanzi lwezakhiwo, kusukela kuma-processor e-x86 kuya ku-64-bit ARM.
Bese kuba ne -NetBSD , enekhono elinempilo lokuyithwala. Isiqubulo sayo ngokuyisisekelo sithi ingasebenza kunoma yini ene-chip. Bakwazile ukwenza uhlelo lusebenze kumapulatifomu angaphezu kwama-50, kusukela kumakhompyutha amadala kuya emisebenzini yasemkhathini ye-NASA . Uma unehadiwe endala noma engavamile kakhulu engeyona eye-Intel, i-NetBSD cishe iyona engcono kakhulu.
Futhi ukuze siqedele lokhu okuthathu, sine -OpenBSD . Lokhu kusatshalaliswa kwazalwa ngenxa yendlela esetshenziswa ngayo i-NetBSD ngoba abadali bayo babefuna ukubeka phambili ukuphepha ngaphezu kwakho konke okunye. Bazichaza ngokuthi "bavikelekile ngokuzenzakalelayo ," okusho ukuthi babuyekeza ikhodi ngokucophelela futhi bakhubaze noma yiziphi izinsizakalo ezingadingekile ukuze basuse ubuthakathaka. Yithuluzi elikhethwayo lokusetha ama-firewall kanye nezinhlelo zokuthola ukungena ngaphakathi.
Ezinye izinhlobo ezithakazelisayo kanye nezinhlobo ezisuselwe kuzo
Ngale kwezinsika ezintathu, kunezinye izinhlelo ezithakazelisa kakhulu. I-DragonFly BSD iyi-fork ye-FreeBSD enqume ukushintsha indlela uhlelo oluphatha ngayo i-concurrency kanye ne-multiprocessing (SMP). Ivelele ikakhulukazi ngohlelo lwayo lwefayela lwe -HAMMER , olwenzelwe ukusebenza kahle kakhulu kumaseva asebenza kahle kakhulu.
Uma ufuna okuthile okuqondiswe kakhulu kubasebenzisi bedeskithophu, i-GhostBSD iyisinqumo esifanele. Isebenzisa isisekelo se-FreeBSD kodwa yenza konke kube lula ngezimo ezifakwe ngaphambilini njenge-MATE, ngakho akudingeki uchithe amahora amaningi uhlela isikhombimsebenzisi. Ngokufanayo kukhona i- MidnightBSD , ehlose ukuba uhlelo olulungele ukusetshenziswa olunemvelo ye-Xfce oluzozizwa lujwayelekile uma uvela eLinux.
Kulabo abakhetha ukungafaki lutho ku-hard drive yabo, i-NomadBSD iyisisombululo. Igxile ekubeni uhlelo lwe-Unix oluphathekayo oluqala kusuka ku-USB drive, olufanele ukubuyisa idatha, ukulungisa uhlelo, noma ukuzama nje i-BSD ngaphandle kwengozi yokususa i-Windows partition yakho.
I-BSD vs GNU/Linux: Ayifani
Abantu abaningi badidanisa i-BSD ne-Linux ngoba zombili ziwumthombo ovulekile futhi zifana ekusetshenzisweni kwazo kwe-terminal, kodwa ngaphansi kwe-hood zihlukene kakhulu. Umehluko omkhulu usemodelini yokuthuthukiswa . Ku-Linux, une-kernel ngakolunye uhlangothi kanye namathuluzi e-GNU kolunye; ukusatshalaliswa ngokuyisisekelo kuyi-collage yamaphakheji avela emithonjeni ehlukene. Ku-BSD, i-kernel kanye namathuluzi ayinhloko athuthukiswa njengephrojekthi eyodwa, ehlangene.
Asikwazi futhi ukukhohlwa ngelayisensi. Nakuba iLinux isebenzisa i-GPL, okudinga ukuthi wabelane nganoma yikuphi ukuthuthukiswa okwenzayo kukhodi, ilayisensi ye-BSD ivumela kakhulu . Lokhu kuvumela izinkampani ezifana ne-Apple ukuthi zenze i-macOS ngokusekelwe ku-Darwin (i-derivative ye-BSD) ngaphandle kokudalula izimfihlo zazo zokuhweba. Yingakho sibona ikhodi ye-BSD ikhona ku- PlayStation 4, i-Nintendo Switch , ngisho nakwezinye izingxenye ze-Windows.
Ngokuphathelene nehadiwe, iLinux iyanqoba. Abakhiqizi bavame ukukhipha abashayeli beWindows, futhi uma bekwenza, beLinux. Ku-BSD, ukwesekwa kwehadiwe kunqunyelwe kakhulu , futhi ezinye izici ezifana ne-suspend kuma-laptop zingase zingasebenzi kahle. Kodwa-ke, i-BSD inikeza ukuzinza kwesakhiwo kanye nokuphathwa kwenethiwekhi abaningi abakubheka njengokungcono kune-Linux.
Izinzuzo kanye nokungalungi kokushintshela ohlangothini lwe-BSD
Kungani umuntu angafuna ukusebenzisa i-BSD namuhla? Okokuqala, ngenxa yokuzinza kwayo okudumile kanye nekhono lokusebenzisa amathuluzi athuthukile njenge-ZFS (uhlelo lwefayela le-Solaris) noma i-DTrace. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umphakathi awunazo ezombusazwe kakhulu futhi ugxile kakhulu kwikhwalithi yobuchwepheshe kunezimpi zamalayisense. Uma ufuna uhlelo lapho ukusebenza kwenethiwekhi kuyinto eza kuqala, i-BSD yindlela okufanele uhambe ngayo.
Kodwa-ke, akusikho konke ukukhanya kwelanga kanye nothingo. Ukuntuleka kwabashayeli kuyinkinga enkulu, futhi ijika lokufunda lingaba likhulu ngoba kunezifundo ezimbalwa eziku-inthanethi uma kuqhathaniswa nezinhlelo zemvelo ze-Ubuntu noma ze-Debian. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma udinga isofthiwe yezentengiselwano ethize kakhulu, uzothola ukuthi iningi layo likhona kuphela kwi-Windows noma kwi-Linux, okukuphoqa ukuthi usebenzise izendlalelo zokuhambisana kwe-binary ukuze usebenzise izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-Linux ku-BSD.
Izinhlelo zokusebenza ezifana ne-FreeBSD, i-OpenBSD, kanye ne-NetBSD zimele ingqikithi emsulwa ye-Unix, enikeza ukulawula okuphelele phezu kwehadiwe kanye nokuphepha okuqinile. Nakuba isabelo sabo semakethe sincane uma siqhathaniswa nezinkampani ezinkulu zezentengiselwano noma i-Linux uqobo, ithonya labo likhulu, njengoba lisekela ingxenye enkulu yengqalasizinda ye-inthanethi kanye namadivayisi amaningi kagesi esimanje ngenxa yokuguquguquka kwawo kanye nokusebenza kahle kobuchwepheshe.
