Kwenzekeni kuma-hard drive angu-1.8, 1 (Microdrive) no-0.85 inch?

Hardware Guide » Izingxenye » Isitoreji » Kwenzekeni kuma-hard drive angu-1.8, 1 (Microdrive) no-0.85 inch?

Kwakukhona isikhathi lapho ama-hard drive amancane ayeyikho konke: Banika amandla ama-iPod, amakhompyutha aphathekayo, namakhamera namuhla esingase siwabone njengekhwalithi yasemnyuziyamu. Kwenzekeni kuma-HDD angu-1.8-intshi, ama-intshi angu-1 intshi (Microdrive), kanye nama-HDD amancane angu-0.85-inch? Lena indaba yokukhula kwayo, indima yayo ebalulekile kanye nokwehla kwayo. phambi kwememori ye-flash.

Ukuze uqonde ukuthi kungani zavela—nokuthi kungani zanyamalala— Kufanele uhambe phakathi kwamashumi ayisikhombisa eminyaka yentuthuko: ukusuka emakhabetheni ubukhulu beziqandisi ezimbili ukuya amayunithi alingana ephaketheni lakho, ngokusebenzisa ukweqa umthamo kanye nokwehla kwentengo ngegigabhayithi ngayinye ebhala kabusha imithetho yokugcina.

Kusukela kuma-closets kuya emaphaketheni: ukusuka ku-RAMAC kuya ku-disco yesimanje

Itshe lokuqala labekwa yi-IBM nge-305 RAMAC kanye neyunithi yayo ye-IBM 350, emuva ngo-1956. Ibizwa ngokuthi “inkumbulo eyisimangaliso”, ifinyelele idatha ngokungahleliwe, into eyayingacatshangwa ngaleso sikhathi, futhi yanciphisa ukubuyiswa kolwazi kusukela emahoreni kuya kumasekhondi.

Le phrojekthi, iqondiswa uReynold B. Johnson, yaqalwa ngo-1952 futhi yaze yakhanselwa yibhodi le-IBM, kodwa uJohnson waqhubekaNgemva kweminyaka yezithiyo zobuchwepheshe, kwazalwa i-RAMAC 305: ifenisha eyayinesisindo esingaphezu kwethani futhi, naphezu kobukhulu bayo, imakwe ngaphambili nangemuva kwisayensi yekhompyutha.

I-IBM 350 drive ibeke izingqimba ezingama-50 24-intshi eziphotha ku-1.200 RPM. Ngokuya ngokucushwa kanye nokufakwa kwekhodi, ihlinzekwa nxazonke 3,75 MB kuya ku-5 MB womthamo osebenzisekayo, okulingana namashumi ezinkulungwane zamakhadi e-punch (cishe 64.000), futhi kwakuyisinyathelo sokuqala esikhulu esibheke ekugcinweni kwesimanje.

Intuthuko ebalulekile yeza ngawo-60: amakhanda “andiza” emcamelweni womoya (1961), iBryant 4240 ne 90 MB, kanye nochungechunge lwe-IBM 1301 (1962, 28 MB) kanye ne-IBM 1311 (1963, 2,69 MB enamaphakethe akhiphekayo), owethule umbono wemidiya ethathelwe indawo.

Ngo-1965, i-IBM 2310 "Ramkit" Ifaka idizayini yekhoyili yezwi kanye no-1 MB womthamo wediski elilodwa; futhi ngo-1973 I-IBM yethule i-3340 "Winchester", "ubaba" we-HDD yesimanje: ukuvalwa kwangaphakathi, ukuphakama kwendiza okuphansi kakhulu kanye nama-spindle amabili angu-30 MB (odumile "30-30"), umqondo osasebenza nanamuhla ku-disk architecture.

Ukugxumela ku-PC kwafika ngo-1980 nge-Seagate ST-506 (5,25″, 5 MB) futhi, maduze nje, i-ST-412 (10 MB), e Umbhalo wekhodi we-RLL uzuzwe ku-+50% ngomthamo nezinga lebhithiNgokuhambisanayo, i-IBM yethula i- 3380, nesixazululo sokuqala esingu-1GB emakethe, sisekelwe amadrayivu amabili angu-1,26 GB kanye no-3 MB/s, ngamanani asukela ku-$81.000 kuya ku-$142.200.

Ngo-1983 u-Rodime wethula ifomethi engu-3,5″ ngo-10 MB ezitsheni ezimbili; ngo-1988 okokuqala 2,5″ (PrairieTek) yamalaptop. Iminyaka yawo-90 yaletha ubuchwepheshe obubalulekile: amakhanda magnetoresistive (IBM 0663 Corsair, 1991, 1 GB ku-3,5″), i I-seagate barracuda ku-7.200 RPM (1992, 2,1 GB) futhi, ngasekupheleni kweshumi leminyaka, I-Cheetah efinyelele ku-10.000 RPM.

Amandla nezindleko nge-GB ngayinye: ukuthi okungenakwenzeka kwacindezelwa kanjani

Emashumini eminyaka, umthamo we-HDD uphindwe kabili njalo eminyakeni engu-2-3., i-echo yoMthetho kaMoore, nakuba kube nokwehla kwakamuva ngenxa yemikhawulo engokomzimba (isb., izithiyo ze-superparamagnetic). Ukusuka ngaphansi kuka-5 MB ngo-1957 sithuthele emashumini ama-terabytes kuyunithi eyodwa.

Ngo-2025 sesivele sibona amadiski angama-32 e-TB futhi kumenyezelwe ukuthi, ngo-2030, Kuzofika amayunithi angama-60 e-TB (Dave Mosley, Seagate). Yiqiniso, amaningi alawa makhono angase aqhubeke ekhona imakethe yebhizinisi ngesidingo kanye nezindleko, kuyilapho ukusetshenziswa I-Western Digital inikeza kufika ku-26 TB (umugqa wegolide).

Izindleko ze-GB ngayinye zehlile: isuka cishe ku-$109.000.000/GB (1956, ilungiswe yaba ngu-2025) kuya $ 0,031 / GB namuhla. Ngo-1980, nge-IBM 3380, izindleko zase ziseduze $ 122.650 / GB (ilungisiwe). Namuhla, idrayivu yangaphandle engu-4TB isiseduze 130 € (cishe u-€0,0325/GB), umehluko omangalisayo lowo kuchaza ubuningi besitoreji.

Lokhu kuqhuma komthamo kwenza i-R&D ibize kakhulu., yingakho abakhiqizi abaningi benyamalala noma bahlanganiswa: manje kukhona kuphela abadlali abathathu abakhulu (Seagate, Western Digital kanye ne-Toshiba) ubuchwepheshe obuphusha obufana ukugcwaliswa kwe-helium o IHAMR ukuze ucindezele ukuminyana ngepuleti ngalinye futhi uqukathe izindleko.

Usayizi womzimba nawo wancipha kakhulu: Ngama-50s, i-HDD yama-MB ambalwa yathatha isikhala esiningi njenge amafriji amabili futhi wahamba ngendiza; emashumini eminyaka kamuva, lawo ma-gigabytes afanayo agcina engenile amakesi ephaketheni futhi ekugcineni, enkumbulweni eqinile usayizi wesitembu.

I-athikili ehlobene:

Ama-SSD angcono kakhulu ka-2026: Amamodeli nokuthi Yikuphi Ongakukhetha

Osayizi esikhathazeke ngabo: 1.8″, 1″ (Microdrive) kanye no-0.85″

I-Miniaturization ibe yinto ebalulekile nge-elekthronikhi ephathekayo. Ngemuva kokuhlolwa ngeminyaka yama-90s (i-HP eno-1,3″ kanye ne-Integral Peripherals eno-1,8″), i I-iPod ngo-2001 yenza i-HDD engu-1,8″ yaduma nge 5GB. Ngokungazelelwe, idiski "yangempela" ingangena ephaketheni lakho futhi igcine izinkulungwane zezingoma.

Ifomethi engu-1,8″ ithathe izimpande kuma-ultraportable nezidlali zemidiya ngenxa yebhalansi yayo phakathi kwamandla, ukusetshenziswa kanye nosayizi. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kwafika 40 GB nangaphezulu, futhi wagibela amaqembu avela kumikhiqizo efana I-Toshiba, IBM, Dell (Latitude) noma i-Sony, kanye nama-netbook athile nezidlali zeMP3.

Ngo-2003-2005 i-1″ Microdrive yabhekana nekusasa layo., umbono ohlakaniphile ovela ku-IBM/Hitachi: a I-HDD engusayizi wekhadi le-CompactFlash Type II. Ivumele amakhamera namadivayisi angakakwazi ukukhokhela amagigabhayithi "ashibhile" ukuthi ahlinzekwe. Inani eliphakeme kakhulu lama-NAND.

Ukubheja okwedlulele kakhulu kwakungu-0,85″ HDD ka-Toshiba, eyamemezela ngisho namakhono we 2 GB cishe ngo-2004 futhi wabonisa lokho ubunjiniyela bungaqhubekela phambiliLowo Toshiba ofanayo naye wakhuthaza 1,8″ umthamo omkhulu ngaleso sikhathi.

Kungani zanyamalala: ukufika okumangazayo kwenkumbulo ye-flash

Isizathu esiyinhloko kwakuwukukhanya kwe-NAND. Amakhadi wesimo esiqinile nezinkumbulo zakhula ngomthamo, zehla ngentengo futhi zanikezwa Ukumelana nokushaqeka, ukuthula nokusetshenziswa okuphansi. Kumadivayisi aphathekayo, lezo zinzuzo zazikhona okunzima ukuziba.

I-1″ Microdrive yaqala ukulahlekelwa isitimu kusukela ngo-2006., lapho amakhadi e-SD ne-CF ane-NAND enikezwa ukusebenza okulinganayo namakhono Azikho izingxenye ezihambayo. Ezithombeni, ukwethembeka ngokumelene nokudlidliza nokufinyelela okungahleliwe agcine ekhiphe ibhalansi.

I-Toshiba's ambitious 0,85" ibe yesikhashana: Ukuminyana ngoqwembe ngalunye akuzange kuthuthuke ngokushesha njenge-NAND kulolo bubanzi bosayizi, futhi umnotho wesilinganiso sama-flash chips wenza okusele. Kuyamangaza ngokobuchwepheshe, ngokwezentengiselwano wafika sekwephuzile.

I-1,8″ ithathe isikhathi eside, eshayelwa ama-iPod “akudala” nama-ultraportables (abekhona alinganayo I-Early MacBook Air ene-1,8 ″ HDD), kodwa ukushintshela ku-SSD kwaba engenakunqandekaNgawo-2010, abakhiqizi abaningi babenjalo ukususa imigqa engu-1,8″ ngivuna ama-mSATA SSD, SATA 2,5″ futhi, kamuva, i-NVMe.

Umphumela wawunengqondoI-Flash iwine ngezindleko ze-GB ngayinye kulawa mafomethi amancane, ngokuqina, nangempumelelo. Ama-HDD amancane Bafeza umsebenzi wabo ekuguqukeni phakathi kwemishini kanye nokuqinile, okunikeza indlela kumadivayisi asheshayo futhi aqine kakhulu.

I-athikili ehlobene:

I-M.2 NVMe SSDs engcono kakhulu futhi eshesha kakhulu yokusebenza kwesivinini esikhulu

Ukusebenza nobuchwepheshe: bekungewona nje umbuzo wosayizi

Ngokungeziwe kumthamo nosayizi, inqolobane, isikhathi sokufuna, kanye nendaba yokuminyana kwendawo.. Amakhanda athuthukisiwe, ukufunda/ukubhala ama-algorithms, nezinto zokwakha i-IOPS ethuthukisiwe kanye nokuphumayo izizukulwane ngezizukulwane.

Ukuze ukubone ngeso lengqondo, bheka lezi ziqhathaniso zomlando izikhathi zokufunda ucwecwe olugcwele (ngokwedatha ye-Hardware ka-Tom, amandla oqweqwe ngalunye kubakaki): 1991: 37 s (26 MB); 1998: 3m31s (1,6 GB); 1999: 5m37s (3,2 GB); 2004: 18m34s (40 GB); 2006: 52m (200 GB); 2012: ~1h30m (2 TB).

Ukwenyuka kokuminyana ngepuleti ngalinye kuletha umphumela ongaseceleni: idatha eyengeziwe okufanele uyifunde/uyibhale ngokudlula ngakunye, okwandisa isikhathi sokufunda esilandelanayo sediski egcwele, ngisho Ukwandisa i-RPM (5.400, 7.200, 10.000, 15.000 RPM kububanzi obuthile).

Ngokuhambisanayo, ukuxhumana kubuye kwashintsha umdlalo.: kwe I-ATA/IDE (PATA) al SATA ngo-2003, noma SCSI kuya ezinhlobonhlobo zesimanje ezindaweni ezichwepheshile. Ukuvela kwe-protocol kanye ne-electronics kuvunyelwe ukukhama kangcono izindlela kusuka ku-HDD.

Esikhathini esizayo esiseduze, okhiye balele kubuchwepheshe obufana ne-HAMR kanye ne-MAMR, kanye nezindlu ze-hermetic nge Helio, okunciphisa ukuphazamiseka kwangaphakathi futhi kuvumela amapuleti engeziwe. Ngenxa yalesi sinyathelo, Akukhona okungenangqondo ukubona i-60 TB ngesikhathi esifushane. (kuqala engxenyeni yebhizinisi, kunjalo).

Uhlu lwamagama olusheshayo lwama-akhronimi nemiqondo

• HH (Half-Height): Ubude bomzimba "obumaphakathi" obujwayelekile kuma-racks.
• I-RLL (Run-Length Limited): umbhalo wekhodi okhuphula izinga lokuminyana/lebhithi.
• I-SCSI: high-ukusebenza interface for professional systems.
• I-ATA/IDE/PATA: umlando wokuxhuma izinga kuma-PC.
• I-SATA: owalandela ochungechungeni lwe-ATA, esetshenziswa kakhulu kusukela ngo-2003.

Lapho bekhona namuhla: izingxenye ezisele, ama-niches namaqoqo

Yize bengasebona abalingiswa, i-1,8″, 1″ kanye ne-0,85″ azikanyamalala ngokuphelele.Basafunwa ngaphakathi ukulungiswa kwama-iPod "akudala"., izidlali zeMP3 namakhamera athile, futhi njengezingxenye ezisele ze laptops umakadebona esebenzise i-ZIF/CE-ATA.

1,8″ amadrayivu angaphakathi asatholakala kumakhompyutha aphathekayo ehambisana nemindeni efana I-Toshiba Portégé, IBM/Lenovo, Dell Latitude noma i-Sony, futhi kuvamile ukuzibona kumakhathalogi ezitolo ezikhethekile eduze izingxenye ezishintshayo ze-iPod.

Ezithombeni, i-CF Type II Microdrives yahlala iyilukuluku. Zazisetshenziselwa ukunwaya umthamo lapho i-NAND ibiza, kodwa namuhla Amakhadi e-SD kanye ne-CFexpress Ziyamangalisa ekusebenzeni, ukuthembeka kanye nosayizi, zishiya ama-Microdrives njengento yomqoqi noma ukubuyisela impahla ezintweni ezindala.

Amasevisi okubuyisela idatha asahlangabezana nalawa mafomethi.. Oomakhenikha abancane baletha izinselelo eziyingqayizivele, kodwa ngabanikeli abahambisanayo kungenzeka ukusindisa ulwazi, Esinye isizathu esenza ukuthi i-aftermarket iqhubeke naphezu kokwehla kwayo kwezohwebo.

Phakathi naleso sikhathi, i-HDD "enkulu" isaphila futhi iyakhahlela. ku-NAS nasezikhungweni zedatha, nge-32 TB emakethe ngo-2025 kanye nesithembiso kufika ku-60 TB engxenyeni yesibili yeshumi leminyaka. Ukusetshenziswa okuningi, nokho, ikhetha i-SSD yesistimu kanye ne-NVMe yokusebenza.

I-1,8″, 1″ (Microdrive) kanye ne-0,85″ ziyisibonelo sokuthi indlela emisha ithuthuka ngayo ngokwedlulele: bavula umnyango womculo nedatha elingana ephaketheni, kodwa Badlulisela induku ukuze bakhumbule inkumbulo lapho kwakungcono kukho konke okubalulekile ku "mini". Namuhla ziyizicucu eziyinhloko zokuvela kwesitoreji kanye njengesikhumbuzo soguquko oluwujuqu phakathi komshini nokuqinile.