- Ukuqhuma kwe-AI kubangele inkinga yehadiwe engakaze ibonwe, kwanyusa intengo yama-GPU, i-RAM, kanye nesitoreji, futhi kwaphambukisa umkhiqizo emakethe yabathengi.
- Izimakethe zezimali zibhekene nebhamuza lobuchwepheshe elisha elixhunywe kwi-AI, elifana nebhamuza le-dot-com kanye nengcindezi enamandla kwisofthiwe yendabuko.
- Izingozi ezihlelekile ezifana nomphumela ka-2038 kanye nokucima kogesi ngenxa yokwehluleka kwabaphakeli kubonisa ubuthakathaka bengqalasizinda egxile kakhulu.
- Iminyango ye-IT ibhekene nokwanda kwezinsongo ze-cyber, izindleko zamafu, izinhlelo ezindala, kanye nokuntuleka okukhulu kwamakhono anamakhono.
I-Las izinkinga zamakhompyutha kanye nobuchwepheshe Lezi akuzona izehlakalo ezizimele ezivela ngezikhathi ezithile: zakha uhlobo lwentambo efanayo edlula emlandweni wakamuva womnotho wedijithali. Kusukela ku- Iphutha le-Y2000K Kusukela ekucinyweni komhlaba wonke okubangelwa yi-patch elula yokuphepha, kuya kuma-bubbles ezezimali axhunywe kwi-inthanethi, ama-cryptocurrencies kanye nobuhlakani bokwenziwa manje, ukushaqeka ngakunye kugqamisa indlela esithembele ngayo kubahlinzeki abambalwa kanye nengqalasizinda eyinkimbinkimbi ngokwengeziwe.
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, umhlaba uhlanganiswe ndawonye Ubhubhane, ukuphazamiseka kwehadiwe, ukukhuphuka kwe-cloud computing kanye ne-AI, amazinga amasha okuphepha kwe-cyber, kanye nezinsongo ezinkuluLokhu kuholele esimweni lapho izinhlangothi ezintathu zihlangana khona: umnotho (i-AI bubble kanye nokuguquguquka kwemakethe yamasheya), ubuchwepheshe obuyinhloko (ama-chip, inkumbulo, izikhungo zedatha, izinhlelo zesikhathi esidlule), kanye nokuphathwa kwezingozi (ukuhlaselwa kwe-cyber, ukwehla komhlaba wonke, umphumela ka-2038). Ukuqonda ukuthi lezi zinhlangothi zihlangana kanjani kubalulekile ekubikezeleni ukuthi yini engase ihambe kabi ngokulandelayo, futhi ngaphezu kwakho konke, indlela yokulungiselela.
Inkinga yehadiwe ebangelwa yi-Artificial Intelligence
Okwamanje igagasi lobuhlakani bokwenziwa obukhiqizayo Kuveze inkinga yesakhiwo: ukuqeqeshwa nokusebenzisa amamodeli amakhulu kudinga izikhungo zedatha ezinkulu, ezihlonyiswe ngehadiwe eqondile kakhulu nebizayo, futhi lokhu kucindezela lonke uchungechunge lokunikezwa kobuchwepheshe. Lokho okwaqala njengokwanda kwemakethe yamasheya kubakhiqizi abanjengoNVIDIA, AMD, kanye nabahlinzeki bememori kuphele ngesiphepho esikhulu. ukushoda, amanani akhuphukayo, kanye nokuphambukiswa kwezinsizakusebenza kusukela emakethe yabathengi kuya endaweni yezinkampani kanye ne-AI.
Kulesi simo, izikhungo zedatha ezinikezelwe ku-AI zidinga amandla amakhulu ekhompyutha, inani elikhulu lememori nesitoreji, kanye namanethiwekhi ashesha kakhuluAma-GPU afana ne-NVIDIA H100/Blackwell, ama-accelerator e-AMD Instinct, noma ama-Google TPU asebenza ngokunemba okuncishisiwe kodwa aphatha imisebenzi eminingi kakhulu, edlula kakhulu lokho i-CPU engakuphatha kahle. Lokhu kuhlanganiswa nesidingo esingapheli sememori ye-DRAM ne-HBM ukuze inike amandla la ma-GPU, kanye ingqalasizinda yokugcina i-SSD kanye ne-HDD enamandla aphezulu, ixhunywe ngamanethiwekhi angu-400 Gbps noma ngaphezulu nge-Advanced Ethernet noma i-InfiniBand.
Konke lokhu kuholele ekutheni Ingxenye enkulu yesitoko sama-chips nezingxenye iya ku-AIukwehlisela phansi ama-PC asekhaya, imidlalo, kanye namanye amadivayisi abathengi endimeni yesibili. Akukhona ukuntuleka kwezinto zokusetshenziswa; inkinga isezimbonini: ukwakha isitshalo esisha se-semiconductor kubiza izigidigidi futhi kuthatha iminyaka emithathu kuya kwemihlanu, ngakho-ke ukunikezwa akukwazi ukuhambisana nesidingo esikhulayo se-AI.
Umphumela osheshayo unamandla ukusetshenziswa kukagesi okwandisiwe kanye nokukhathazeka ngemveloIzikhungo zedatha zesizukulwane esilandelayo zidinga amandla amakhulu, okuvuselela impikiswano mayelana nokusimama kwemodeli ye-AI enkulu yamanje kanye nomthelela wayo kumagridi kagesi kazwelonke.
Imakethe ye-GPU: Kusukela Epharadesi Lemali Engenayo Kuya Ekuswelekeni Okungapheli
Umkhakha we Amakhadi ezithombe abe yimbangela ebonakalayo yale nkingaUmlando uziphindaphinde ngokushintshashintsha okuthile: okokuqala kwakungabavukuzi bemali yedijithali, manje sekuyimiklamo ye-AI emunca ukukhiqizwa kwama-GPU aphezulu. Abakhiqizi bathole ukuthi kunenzuzo enkulu ukuthengisa amaqoqo amakhulu ama-accelerator ezikhungweni zedatha kunokunikezela amandla kumamodeli emidlalo yabathengi, futhi lokhu kushintsha kwezinto eziza kuqala kushiye abasebenzisi basekhaya ngemuva.
Inkinga akuyona nje leyo Ama-GPU amaningi e-AI ayakhiqizwakodwa imigqa yokukhiqiza ngokwayo ihlelwe kabusha ukuze ikhulise leyo ngxenye. Njengoba izinkampani zibeka phambili ububanzi bochwepheshe kanye nesikhungo sedatha, Ukutholakala kwamamodeli e-PC kunciphileFuthi amayunithi ambalwa afinyelela ezitolo enza kanjalo ngamanani aphezulu. Imakethe yemidlalo, eyake yaba ngenye yamandla ashukumisa imboni yezithombe, manje isigqitshwe yi-AI.
Lokhu kuphambukiswa kwezinsiza kusebenza kunemiphumela emibi: umjikelezo wokuvuselelwa kwemishini uyakhulaAbasebenzisi abaningi bakhetha ukunamathela kuma-GPU abo amanje noma baphendukele emakethe esetshenzisiwe, okukhuthaza umnotho ofanayo lapho amakhadi asetshenziswa ezimayini noma ezikhungweni zedatha ezinomlando wokusetshenziswa kakhulu evame khona. Ulwazi lokuthenga luyaphela, futhi umbono wokuthi "ukuthuthukisa i-PC sekuyinto yokunethezeka" uyasakazeka.
Ukwenyuka kwentengo kanye nokushintsha kwemakethe ku-RAM
Uma ama-GPU enza izihloko zezindaba, Ukuphuma kwegazi kwangempela kwenzeka enkumbulweni ye-DRAMKusukela ngasekupheleni kuka-2025, abakhiqizi abakhulu—i-Samsung Electronics, i-SK hynix, i-Micron Technology—balokhu beshintsha kakhulu amandla okukhiqiza bawabhekise ku-server DRAM, i-HBM memory, kanye nezixazululo ze-AI ezisebenza kahle kakhulu. Umphumela: ama-chip ambalwa atholakala kuma-PC, omakhalekhukhwini, ama-smart TV, ama-router, kanye nanoma iyiphi idivayisi ethembele ku-RAM evamile.
Lolu shintsho lukhuliswe yi- isimo sokujikeleza kwemakethe ye-DRAMNgemva kweminyaka eminingana yokukhiqiza ngokweqile kanye namanani ehlayo, abakhiqizi abaningi banciphisa imigqa yokukhiqiza futhi banciphisa ukutshalwa kwezimali. Ngaleso sikhathi, ukwanda kwe-AI kwaqhuma, kwabamba lo mkhakha ngamandla amancane kunalawo ayedingeka. Ukulungiswa kwaba ngokuzumayo: ukunikezwa kwempahla kwaphuza ukusabela ngenkathi isidingo siqhuma, okwadala ukwenyuka kwentengo emlandweni kanye nokuntuleka kwesitoko kumamojula enkumbulo yabathengi.
Isimo sibe sibi kakhulu kangangokuthi ezinye izinhlobo ezidumile emakethe yasekhaya ziye zawa eceleni. Okubalulekile, uphawu lweMicron lomsebenzisi wokugcinaLesi yisibonelo esihle: inkampani yanquma ukuyeka ukukhiqiza ama-RAM nama-SSD ngaphansi kwalolo hlobo kusukela ngo-2026 ukuze igxile emizamweni yayo ezigabeni ezinenzuzo enkulu. Kumthengi ojwayelekile, lokhu kuholela ekuncipheni kwezinketho ezinokwethenjelwa kanye nemakethe ebuswa yimikhiqizo ebizayo noma ezinye izindlela ezikhethekile.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuvela kwe Abakhiqizi bememori baseShayina njenge-CXMT noma i-YMTC Iqala ukuthola amandla. I-CXMT ithuthukisa amamojula e-DDR5 asheshayo kakhulu—cishe i-DDR5-8000—kuyilapho i-YMTC ibheja ku-NAND Flash enesisindo esikhulu ngobuchwepheshe obufana ne-Xtacking 4.0, ekwazi ukuhlanganisa izendlalelo eziningi futhi ifinyelele amandla angu-8 TB kuma-SSD. Imikhiqizo efana ne-Netac, i-Asgard, i-KingBank, ne-Gloway isivele ihlanganisa lawa ma-chip, yize iziqhwaga ezifana ne-Kingston ne-Corsair zisawuqaphela lo mkhuba ngokuqapha.
Inkinga ye-SSD ne-HDD: Isitoreji Asilondolozwa Naso
La ukuqhuma kwezinsizakalo ze-AI kanye namafu Akugcini nje ngokudla ama-GPU kanye ne-DRAM; futhi kubangele izinsimbi zokuxwayisa emakethe ye-SSD kanye ne-hard drive. Amamodeli e-AI adinga ukuqeqeshwa ngenani elikhulu ledatha futhi adinga izindawo zokugcina ezixubile: ama-NVMe SSD ashesha kakhulu ukuze acutshungulwe kahle futhi i-HDD enamandla aphezulu eduze ngamasethi edatha omlando noma ulwazi olungafinyelelwa kaningi.
Ngemva kwesikhathi sokusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwememori ye-flash ye-NAND, abakhiqizi—okuhlanganisa ne-Samsung, i-SK hynix, i-Micron, nabanye—banciphisa ukukhiqizwa ukuze kuqiniswe amanani. Lapho i-AI iqala ukugqugquzela isidingo sama-SSD ebhizinisi anabantu abaningi, Izitshalo zazingakulungele ukusabela ngokusheshaUmphumela: ukuntuleka kwesitoko, ikakhulukazi kumayunithi aphezulu abiwa phakathi kwamaseva nabathengi abathuthukile, kanye nokwenyuka kwentengo okuqhubekayo.
Ensimini ye I-HDD, izinkampani ezifana ne-Western Digital noma i-Seagate Bazithole besesimweni esifanayo. Izinkontileka ezinkulu nabahlinzeki bamafu kanye ne-AI zithathe ingxenye enkulu yamandla, kangangokuthi amanye amamodeli asevele ebophezele isitoko sawo ezinyangeni ngaphambi kokushiya ifektri. Nakuba abasebenzisi abaningi becabanga ukuthi konke ukusunduza kumayelana nama-SSD, ama-hard drive aseyingxenye ebalulekile. izindleko ezingenakuguqulwa nge-terabyte ngayinye ukuze kugcinwe ubuningi ebanda.
Kumsebenzisi wokugcina, lokhu kuhunyushwa kube yinto ejwayelekile: Izinhlobo ezimbalwa zangempela esitolo kanye nomuzwa wokuthi konke kubiza kakhuluI-SSD engu-1 noma engu-2 TB eyayithengeka eminyakeni embalwa edlule isibuyele emuva emazingeni entengo aphezulu kuye ngokuthi imodeli injani, futhi ama-HDD amakhulu anama-backups awasaseyona "intengo ephansi" ayeyiyo ngaphambili.
Umthelela kumthengi: ihadiwe ebiza kakhulu kanye nokushintshela emakethe yezesekeli
Zonke lezi zinguquko ku-GPU, i-RAM, kanye nesitoreji zihlangana endaweni efanayo: iphakethe lomsebenzisi wasekhaya kanye nebhizinisi elincaneUkwakha noma ukuthuthukisa i-PC ngo-2026 sekuyindlela yokubekezela nokuzibamba: amanani aphezulu, ukuntuleka kwesitoko ezingxenyeni ezibalulekile, kanye nomuzwa wokuthi imakethe yabathengi ihlehlisiwe ngenxa ye-AI kanye nezikhungo ezinkulu zedatha.
Ukucindezela akugcini nje ngokuthinta amakhompyutha. Ukwenyuka kwezindleko ze-DRAM ne-NAND Lokhu kuthinta nama-smartphone, ama-router, amathelevishini, ama-consoles emidlalo, nanoma iyiphi idivayisi edinga inkumbulo noma isitoreji. Abakhiqizi abaningi be-electronics abathengi kuye kwadingeka balungise imigqa yemikhiqizo yabo, baphakamise amanani kumamodeli, noma banciphise imininingwane ukuze bagweme ukwenyuka kwentengo okwengeziwe, okusho ukuthi ekugcineni izici ezimbalwa ukuze uthole imali eyengeziwe.
Njengoba kunikezwe lesi simo, abasebenzisi abaningi babheke phambili imakethe yesekendi, izinto ezilungisiwe, noma ngisho nemakethe "yokuzenzela wena"Sibone izinhlelo ezinkulu njengemiklamo eRussia yokwenza amamojula e-RAM obuciko ngenxa yokushoda kanye nezindleko. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kukhona ukuthambekela okukhula kubaphakeli abahlukile, ikakhulukazi abaseShayina, abathembisa ama-chip aqondiswe emkhakheni wabathengi onganakwa ngabakhiqizi abakhulu bendabuko.
Lokhu kushintshela kwezinye izindlela ezingakasungulwa kahle kunezingozi zako: Ukungaqiniseki ngekhwalithi, iwaranti elinganiselwe, kanye nokuhambisana okungabazekayoKodwa lapho imakethe esemthethweni ingasafinyeleleki, abasebenzisi abaningi bazimisele ukuzibona uma lokho kubavumela ukuthi bagcine imishini yabo isebenza noma bandise umthamo ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa yimali.
I-AI bubble kanye nokungezwani ezimakethe zezimali
Ngenkathi i-hardware ibhekene nesiphepho sayo, uhlangothi lwezezimali lwesistimu yobuchwepheshe Futhi ayimi ndawonye. Intshiseko ye-AI iholele ekutheni izinkomba zemakethe yamasheya ziqophe amazinga aphezulu, kodwa ngaphansi kobuso, kukhona uhlobo lokushintsha kabusha okunonya okwenzekayo: isofthiwe yendabuko kanye nezinye zezinkampani zobuchwepheshe "ezisunguliwe" zihlushwa ukungathembani okukhula phakathi kwabatshalizimali.
Isiqalo kube umbono wokuthi Imisebenzi eminingi eyenziwa yisofthiwe yakudala ingashintshwa Izinsizakalo ze-AI ezishibhile nezizenzakalelayo kakhulu zibangela isidingo. Amathuluzi asekelwe kumodeli wezomthetho njenge-Anthropic's Claude, abasizi bokukhiqiza, ukuzenzekela kwenqubo, kanye namapulatifomu okuhlaziya idatha ahlakaniphile ashukumisela izimakethe ukuba zibuze ukuthi izinkampani zesofthiwe zendabuko zingaqhubeka yini nokwenza imali ngemikhiqizo yazo ngendlela efanayo.
Ezinyangeni zamuva nje kuvuleke igebe elingokomlando phakathi kwe- umkhakha wesofthiwe kanye ne-S&P 500Njengoba kunomehluko wamaphuzu angaphezu kwamaphesenti angu-20, ukuphambuka okufana kuphela nalokho okwake kwenzeka ngokuqhuma kwebhamuza le-dot-com ngo-2000-2001. Izinkampani ezifana ne-Oracle, i-ServiceNow noma i-AppLovin zibone inani lemakethe yazo yamasheya lehla ngamaphuzu ayishumi, kanti ezinye ezifana ne-Palantir, i-Intuit noma i-Workday nazo ziye zabhekana nokwehla okukhulu.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukujikeleziswa kwemali kuya emikhakheni "ebonakalayo" kakhulu Imikhakha efana namandla, imboni esindayo, kanye nezinto eziyisisekelo ibone inzuzo enkulu phakathi nesikhathi esifanayo. Abatshalizimali abaningi bakhetha ukuhlala emabhizinisini axhumene nomjikelezo wezomnotho wendabuko ngenkathi belinde uthuli luhlale ku-AI nokuthi kucace ukuthi ubani ngempela okhiqiza inani elihlala njalo.
Kufana nebhamuza le-dot-com kanye nokwenyuka kwamanje kwe-AI
Lesi simo sikhumbuza ngendlela emangalisayo ibhamuza le-dot-com Kusukela ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-90 nasekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-2000, i-inthanethi yayiyiyona ubuchwepheshe obulungele ukushintsha yonke into; namuhla, i-AI ithatha indawo ephambili. Kuzo zombili izimo, kube nokuhlanganiswa kwamathemba angenakwenzeka, amaphrojekthi akhuphukile angenawo imodeli yebhizinisi eqinile, kanye nenqwaba yemali evela ezikhwameni zokutshalwa kwezimali ezilangazelela ukuhambisana "nento enkulu elandelayo."
Njengoba kunjalo ngaleso sikhathi, izinkampani ezifana I-Lycos, i-Terra noma i-Boo.com Lezi zinkampani, ezanyamalala ngokushesha njengoba zazikhushulwe kakhulu, manje zibona ukwanda kwezinkampani ezintsha ze-AI ezithembisa izixazululo ezintsha ngaphandle kokubonisa indlela ecacile yokuthola inzuzo. Injini yokukhula kwemakethe yamasheya emazweni amakhulu iphinde yagxila emkhakheni owodwa, futhi ingxenye enkulu yemali iqhutshwa kakhulu ukwesaba ukulahlekelwa kunokuhlaziywa okuyisisekelo.
Noma kunjalo, kunomehluko obalulekile. I-AI yamanje inayo izicelo zangempela nezinenzuzo seziqalile kakadeIzinsizakalo zamafu, ukuzenzekela kwenqubo, ama-semiconductor akhethekile, isofthiwe ehlanganiswe yi-AI kuma-suites ebhizinisi, njll. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhlelo lwezobuchwepheshe kanye nolwezezimali selukhulile kakhulu, lunamathuluzi okuhlaziya ubungozi ayinkimbinkimbi kanye nengqalasizinda yedijithali ethuthuke kakhulu kunango-2000.
Okunye okuphawulekayo yithonya labantu ababalulekile abafana U-Elon Musk, uMark Zuckerberg noma uJeff BezosLezi zinkampani aziholi nje kuphela amaphrojekthi abalulekile e-AI kodwa futhi zihlobene eduze namandla ezomnotho nawezepolitiki. Kwabahlaziyi abaningi, ithonya lazo lenza ukuwa okuphelele njengebhamuza le-dot-com kungenzeki, yize kungavimbeli "ukuhlanzwa" kwezinkampani ezingaphilile, into, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ebhekwa njengedingekile ukuze kuzinziswe imakethe.
Iphutha le-Y2000K kanye nengozi enkulu elandelayo: iphutha lika-2038
Izinkinga ezihlobene nesikhathi ekubhaleni akuzona nje indaba yomlando. i-Y2K bug edumile Kwaba uphawu lwe-alamu yokuqala enkulu yezobuchwepheshe emhlabeni wonke: kwakusaba ukuthi ngoJanuwari 1, 2000, izinhlelo ezazigcina unyaka ngamadijithi amabili zizochaza u-"00" njengo-1900, okubangela ukwehluleka emabhange, ezinkampanini zezindiza, ezinhlelweni zikagesi kanye nazo zonke izinhlobo zengqalasizinda ebalulekile.
Empeleni, umthelela wawumncane kakhulu ngenxa ukutshalwa kwezimali okukhulu ekuvimbelenikulinganiselwa ku-€200.000 billion emhlabeni jikelele. Ohulumeni nezinkampani babuyekeze, balungisa, futhi babuyekeza izigidi zemigqa yekhodi nezinhlelo, bevimbela isiphithiphithi esasibikezelwe. Uma bebheka emuva, abaningi bazibuza ukuthi ngabe usongo lwalukhulunywe ngokweqile, kodwa ochwepheshe bayavuma ukuthi ingozi yayingokoqobo nokuthi umsebenzi wokuvimbela yiwona owagcina umhlaba usebenza ngobusuku boNyaka Omusha.
Ngenxa yalokho, ezinye izinhlelo zasebenzisa "ama-patches" esikhashana, njengokushintsha unyaka wokubhekisela ube ngu-2020 ukuze kutholakale isikhathi, zicabanga ukuthi ngaleso sikhathi ukuthuthela ezixazululweni zesimanje ngabe sekwenzekile. Lokhu kuxazulula inkinga kuye kwaba nomthelela omkhulu: ngoJanuwari 1, 2020, Amamitha okupaka eNew York ayeka ukwamukela izinkokhelo Futhi eminye imidlalo yevidiyo, njenge-WWE 2K20, yaqala ukungasebenzi kahle uma usuku lwekhonsoli lungashintshwanga lwaba ngo-2019.
Inselelo entsha isivele isondela: Umphumela ka-2038Kuthinta izinhlelo ezisebenzisa ama-time counter angu-32-bit—avame kakhulu kubuchwepheshe obusekelwe ku-Unix kanye namadivayisi amaningi afakiwe—abala imizuzwana kusukela ngoJanuwari 1, 1970. Lapho lelo counter lifinyelela inani lalo eliphezulu, ngoJanuwari 19, 2038, isikhathi “sizophenduka” futhi imishini eminingi izochaza usuku njengoDisemba 1901, okungabangela ukwehluleka okukhulu.
Imikhakha ebucayi kakhulu yileyo encike ku- ingqalasizinda ebalulekile: amabhange kanye nezinkokhelo, ezokuxhumana, ezokuthutha emoyeni, amandla kanye namanethiwekhi ezimboniUkuxazulula lokhu kuhilela okungaphezu kokubuyekeza ihadiwe: kudinga ukubuyekeza ama-algorithms, izinhlelo zokusebenza, i-firmware, kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezisebenza ngezikhathi nezinsuku, kuncike emiqondweni yezibalo njengezibalo ze-modular kanye nokumelwa kwezinombolo.
Ukuphela kogesi emhlabeni wonke kanye nengozi yokuthembela kumhlinzeki oyedwa
Ngale kweziphazamiso zesikhathi, esinye seziqephu zakamuva ezibonisa kakhulu ingozi yesistimu kube yi- ukucima okukhulu kwekhompyutha okubangelwe isibuyekezo sokuphepha esinephuthaI-patch elula evela kumhlinzeki wezokuphepha kwe-inthanethi wangaphandle yayanele ukususa izigidi zamakhompyutha e-Windows ku-inthanethi futhi ikhubaze ingxenye enkulu yomnotho wedijithali womhlaba amahora amaningi.
Nakuba lesi sigameko sithinte “iphesenti elincane” kuphela lenani eliphelele lamadivayisi, umthelela waso wawumkhulu kakhulu ngoba I-Microsoft kanye namapulatifomu ayo ayisisekelo sengqalasizinda enkulu yomhlaba wonkeIzikhumulo zezindiza ezigcwele ngokweqile, izinsizakalo zezimali eziphazamisekile, izinkampani ezingakwazi ukufinyelela izinhlelo zazo… Lesi siqephu sikwenze kwacaca ukuthi amandla obuchwepheshe kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali kwezokuphepha akwanele uma wonke umuntu ethembele ekuxhumaneni okufanayo kulolu chungechunge.
Ochwepheshe bezokuphepha kanye nezifundiswa baveze ukuthi lezi zinhlobo zemicimbi zibonisa ingozi enkulu yokufaka wonke amaqanda akho kubhasikidi owodwaUkuthembela kumhlinzeki oyedwa noma ohlelweni lwe-ecosystem ukuze kwenziwe imisebenzi ebalulekile kwenza umphumela we-domino ungabi yingozi uma kwenzeka ukwehluleka. Kumabhizinisi amaningi amancane, ukuhlukahluka kunzima ngenxa yezindleko nobunzima, kodwa ukugxila kwamanje kufinyelela emazingeni ashaqisayo.
Amanye amazwi akhuthaza ukukhulisa uhlelo lwe-ecosystem olunabahlinzeki abaningi abaphakathi nabancaneukuze ukwehluleka kweyodwa kungawisi ingxenye yeplanethi. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kuhlukahluka kuvula izindawo ezintsha zokuhlasela kanye nobuthakathaka obuningi obungaba khona, okwenza ukuzivikela kube nzima. Ukuthola ibhalansi phakathi kokuqina nobunzima kuba enye yezinselele ezinkulu zamasu eshumini leminyaka elizayo.
Izinselele ezinkulu ze-IT zamabhizinisi esikhathini esifushane
Lonke leli qhinga lenkinga, amabhamuza, kanye nokuncika lisho ngqo ku- Amaqembu ezinhlangano ze-ITabaphila esimweni esiphuthumayo esihlala njalo. Ngaphandle kwezinkinga zobuchwepheshe kuphela, kumele baphathe uhlu olukhulayo lwezinselele ezithinta ibhizinisi lilonke.
Okokuqala, i- Ukuphepha kwe-inthanethi kuya ngokuya kuba nzima.Ubugebengu bokweba imininingwane obusebenzisa i-AI, ama-deepfake, ukuhlaselwa kwe-endpoint, i-ransomware eyinkimbinkimbi… Indawo yokuhlasela iyanda ngayo yonke isevisi entsha, idivayisi ye-IoT, noma ukuhlanganiswa kwamafu. Ukuphepha akusakwazi ukubhekwa njengokucushwa okungaguquki, kodwa njengomkhuba oqhubekayo odinga amanethiwekhi okuhlukanisa, izinhlelo zokuhlola, abasebenzi bokuqeqesha, kanye nokusabela ngokushesha njengabahlaseli.
Okungeziwe kulokhu yi- ubunzima bokuthobela imithethoIzinhlaka ezifana ne-GDPR, i-HIPAA, uhlaka lwezokuphepha kwe-inthanethi lwe-NIST, kanye nemithethonqubo emisha ye-AI zibeka izidingo ezidlula kakhulu amaphepha nje: izakhiwo zokuphatha, ukuqapha okuqhubekayo, kanye nokubambisana phakathi kwe-IT, ezomthetho, ukuthobela imithetho, kanye nebhizinisi kuyadingeka ukuze kugwenywe ukusala ngemuva noma ukuthola izinhlawulo.
Esinye isimo esibucayi yilesi izindleko zamafuUkwamukelwa kwamafu manje sekucishe kube yinto yonke, kodwa ukulawula ukusetshenziswa kwemali sekuyinkinga enkulu. Imithwalo yemisebenzi ye-AI, amakhonteyina, izakhiwo zamafu amaningi, kanye namaphrojekthi angaqondiswanga obufakazi bomqondo kungabangela ukuthi izikweletu zikhuphuke kakhulu ngendlela engalindelekile. Ngaphandle kokubusa okuhle, ifu liba umthombo wezikweletu zobuchwepheshe, ukusetshenziswa kwemali okuchithayo, kanye nokunciphisa isabelomali okubuhlungu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinkampani zisebenza endaweni eyodwa ukuguqulwa kwedijithali okuqhubekayoAkusekho phrojekthi eyodwa yokwenza izinto zibe zesimanje, kodwa kunokulandelana okungapheli kokufuduka, ukuhlanganiswa, kanye nezinguquko zepulatifomu. Ingozi igcina inesimiso sezinto eziphilayo esigcwele amathuluzi ahlukene, izikweletu zobuchwepheshe, kanye nezinqubo ezingangezi inani langempela. Abaholi be-IT kumele bachaze imephu ecacile, ehambisana nezinhloso zebhizinisi futhi ekwaziyo ukukhuliswa.
Idatha, izinhlelo zesikhathi esidlule, kanye nethalente: imbobo yomuntu
Abaphathi be idatha yenkampani Lokhu sekuphinde kwaba yinye inkinga enkulu. Ubuningi bolwazi olukhiqizwa yizinhlangano—amalogi esistimu, umsebenzi wabasebenzisi, idatha yamakhasimende, izinzwa ze-IoT—lukhula njalo. Akuyona nje indaba yokulugcina, kodwa futhi nokuluhlukanisa ngezigaba, ukuluvikela, ukuthobela imithetho, kanye nokukhipha inani kulo. Uma lokhu kwenziwa kabi, kuvela izinkinga zokuthobela imithetho, ukungasebenzi kahle, kanye nezinqumo ezisekelwe olwazini oluyiphutha.
Konke lokhu kuba nzima kakhulu uma kufanele uphile izinhlelo zesikhathi esibalulekileIzinhlelo zokusebenza eziphelelwe yisikhathi, ihadiwe ephelelwe yisikhathi, kanye namapulatifomu enziwe ngokwezifiso kakhulu angeke avalwe ngobusuku obubodwa ngoba asekela izinqubo ezibalulekile. Ukuzilungisa ngaphandle kokuphula noma yini kudinga ukuhlela ngokucophelela, ukufuduka ngezigaba, kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali okuvame ukungqubuzana nesabelomali esivele sinzima.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, igebe lamakhonoUbuchwepheshe buthuthuka ngokushesha kunokuba amaqembu angaqhubeka nokuqeqeshwa, futhi imakethe yemisebenzi ayikwazi ukuhambisana nesidingo sokwakhiwa kwamafu, ukuphepha kwe-inthanethi okuthuthukisiwe, kanye nochwepheshe be-AI abasebenzayo. Ngisho noma kuqashwa ithalente eliphezulu, ukuligcina kunzima endaweni lapho okunikezwayo ngamaholo angcono, umsebenzi osebenza kude, kanye namathuba okuthuthuka kuvela njalo.
Umphumela uba ukuthi iminyango eminingi ye-IT iphoqelekile ukuthi ukwenza okuningi ngokuncane, futhi ngokuvamile ngolwazi oluphelelwe yisikhathiUkuze kuphunywe kulo mjikelezo omubi, kubalulekile ukuhlanganisa amasu okuqasha abantu bangaphandle, izinhlelo eziqinile zokuthuthukisa amakhono angaphakathi, kanye nokusekelwa okuqinile kokuphatha ukuze kwabelwe isikhathi nezinsiza ekuthuthukisweni kobungcweti okuqhubekayo.
Njengesizinda, ukuxhumana kwangaphakathi kuhlala kuyinto efiselekayo. Ngaphandle kokuxhumana. ukuxhumanisa phakathi kwe-IT nezinye izindawoNgaphandle kwemibhalo ecacile kanye nokwabelana ngolwazi, amaphrojekthi agcina ebambezelekile, izidingo ziqondwa kabi, futhi ukukhungatheka kuyanda kakhulu. Emaqenjini asatshalaliswe noma ahlanganisiwe, le ngozi iyanda.
Ingozi yomhlinzeki, ukusebenza kude, kanye nokulungiselela ikusasa elingaqinisekile
Esinye isici esiye savelela yi- ingozi ehlobene nabahlinzeki bangaphandleCishe zonke izinkampani manje zithembele kubantu besithathu ukuthola isofthiwe, izinsizakalo zamafu, ukwesekwa, noma ukuhlinzekwa kwezinqubo zebhizinisi ngaphandle. Ngamunye walaba balingani wethula ubuthakathaka obungaba khona: imikhuba yokuphepha exegayo, ukuphazamiseka kwesevisi, ukuncika kakhulu ezinkontilekeni, noma ukungalandeli imithetho okuthinta ikhasimende ekugcineni.
Ukuphatha le ngozi kudlulela ngalé kokusayina izinkontileka: kudinga ukuhlolwa okuqhubekayo, izivumelwano ezicacile mayelana nokuphepha kanye nokuthobela imithethokanye nokubambisana okuseduze phakathi kwe-IT, i-Procurement, i-Legal, kanye ne-Ezokuphepha. Ukuphela kwemisebenzi okuhlobene ne-patch enephutha kube yisikhumbuzo esicacile salokho okwenzekayo lapho enye yalezo zixhumanisi yehluleka.
Ukwanda kwe- umsebenzi okude kanye ne-hybrid Lokhu kunezela olunye ungqimba lobunzima. Ukuqinisekisa ukufinyelela ezinhlelweni zezinkampani kusuka kumanethiwekhi asekhaya, ukuphatha izindawo zokugcina ezisakazeke emhlabeni wonke, kanye nokugcina ukubambisana okungenazinkinga kuzo zonke izindawo zesikhathi kudinga izinqubomgomo ezicatshangelwe kahle, amathuluzi afanele, kanye nokuqapha njalo ukwephulwa kwezokuphepha okungenzeka.
Ekugcineni, abaholi bezobuchwepheshe babhekene nokudideka kwe- ukuhlela isikhathi eside endaweni eshintsha njalo ezinyangeni ezimbalwaI-AI iyashesha, ukubalwa kwe-quantum kuseduze, imithethonqubo iyashintshashintsha, futhi izinkinga zochungechunge lokuhlinzeka ziyavela futhi ziyanyamalala. Ngaphezu kokuthola ikhambi eliphelele, umgomo ukuklama izakhiwo eziguquguqukayo, ukuhlakulela amaqembu amaningi, nokubukeza njalo isu lokuzivumelanisa nanoma yini elandelayo.
Lokho okuboniswa yizo zonke lezi zimo ezinzima—kusukela ku-Y2000K bug kuya ku-AI bubble, i-2038 bug, ukwehluleka komhlinzeki womhlaba wonke, kanye nokungezwani kuma-GPU, i-RAM, kanye nesitoreji—yilokho Ubuthakathaka kanye nokuncika komunye nomunye manje seziyizimpawu zesakhiwo sezwe lethu ledijithali.Izinhlangano ezizophumelela kakhulu ngeke kube yilezo ezinobuchwepheshe obusezingeni eliphezulu, kodwa lezo ezihlanganisa ukuhlukahluka kwezingozi, isiko lokuvimbela, ukutshala imali kubantu, kanye nekhono lokusabela ngokushesha lapho, ngokungenakugwenywa, kukhona okungahambi kahle futhi.
