Asingahlanyi noma sithuke. Kuvamile ukuthi ungakaze uzwe ngezimiso nezindinganiso zenethiwekhi ye-inthanethi, ngakho-ke sizokuchaza. Ukuze inethiwekhi isebenze, idinga izinqubo ezithile ezivumela amadivayisi afana namakhompyutha ukuxhumana. Umkhiqizo ngamunye unenombolo kamazisi noma i-IP, futhi okwamanje sisebenzisa izinhlobo ezimbili: IPv4 ne-IPv6. Kulesi sihloko, sizoxoxa ngazo kanye nokuhlukana kwazo okukhulu.
Yini i-IP?
Ukuze siqale, sidinga ukucacisa ukuthi liyini ikheli le-IP. Isifinyezo salo simele "Iphrothokholi Ye-inthanethi," futhi ibuswa isethi yemithetho ehambisa amaphakethe edatha, iqinisekisa ukuthi afika ezindaweni ezifanele.
Kunezinqubo eziningi zansuku zonke lapho ikhompuyutha ifuna ukuthumela ulwazi kwamanye amadivaysi. Kulapho ulwazi luhlukaniswa khona lwaba izingcezu ezincane ngolwazi lwe-IP olusebenza njengokuhlonza ukulethwa okufanele kwamanye amakhompyutha.
Eqinisweni, futhi njengoba sesivele sazi, idivayisi ngayinye inekheli le-IP elifana nomazisi ngamunye.
Umehluko phakathi kwe-IPv4 ne-IPv6
Manje njengoba sesifundile ukuthi liyini ikheli le-IP nokuthi lisebenza kanjani, ake sikhulume ngezinguqulo ezimbili ze-IP esizisebenzisa namuhla.
Yini i-IPv4?
I-IPv4 yazalwa ngo-1983, futhi naphezu kokusebenzisa ithegi ethi "v4", iyinguqulo yokuqala ekhona futhi isasebenza kahle. Isebenzisa ikheli le-32-bit futhi inikeza amakheli ahlukile angaphezu kwezigidigidi ezi-4.
Isibonelo se-IPv4 kungaba yilesi: 192.0.2.123
Yini i-IPv6?
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, sine-IPv6, esebenzisa ifomethi enkulu kakhulu, efinyelela kumabhithi angu-128, okuhlanganisa izinhlamvu nezinombolo. Lolu hlobo lwe-IP lunikeza amakheli aphindwe izikhathi ezingu-1.028 kune-IPv4.
Isibonelo esihle sokuthi i-IPv4 endala izoba kanjani IPv6: 2001:db8:1234:2::123
Ukwengeza, i-IPv6 ihlanganisa i-QoS (ikhwalithi yesevisi) enesendlalelo senethiwekhi esakhelwe ngaphakathi futhi isusa lokho esivame ukukubiza ngokuthi i-NAT.
IPv4 vs IPv6 - Iyiphi esheshayo?
Abukho ubufakazi obucacile bokuthi eyodwa iyashesha kunobunye, kodwa iphakamisa yakamuva kakhulu, i-IPv6, ishesha kancane ezinqubweni eziningi zokudlulisa idatha.
Kukhona ibhulogi edume kakhulu ku-Facebook mayelana nobunjiniyela okufakazele ukuthi ukufinyelela kunethiwekhi yokuxhumana nabantu kufika ku-15% ngokushesha uma sisebenzisa i-IPv6, nakuba okunye ukuhlola okuningi kunquma ukulingana ngesivinini uma kuziwa kwezinye izinqubo.
Ngemva kokubona ukwakheka kohlobo ngalunye, singasho ukuthi ukuhluka kwesivinini kungase kube ngenxa yokuthi i-IPv6 ayichithi isikhathi ekuhumusheni (NAT) njengoba kwenza i-IPv4.
Ngazi kanjani uma ngisebenzisa i-IPv4 noma i-IPv6?
Lena inqubo elula kakhulu esikuchazela yona isinyathelo ngesinyathelo.
- Vula izilungiselelo zekhompyutha yakho.
- Chofoza ku- «Inethiwekhi ne-Intanethi".
- Manje uzobona ukuxhumana okukhona, ngakho chofoza "Ama-propiedades".
- Skrolela phansi futhi uzobona izakhiwo zenethiwekhi yakho, kanye nedatha oyifunayo.
Iziphetho, Kungani usebenzise i-IPv6 hhayi i-IPv4?
Kuwo wonke amadivayisi wezobuchwepheshe, kungcono ukuwagcina evuselelwe ngezinguqulo zesofthiwe zakamuva. Indaba efanayo iyasebenza ku-hardware: uma ihambisana nesikhathi, izosebenza kangcono nesofthiwe.
Ngokuvamile, abukho ububi ekusebenziseni i-IPv4, kodwa kuyatuseka ukuthi uthuthukele ku-IPv6. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-inthanethi iphelelwa yisikhala samakheli e-IPv4 engeziwe, kuyilapho i-IPv6 inikeza isikhala esiningi kunamakheli e-IPvXNUMX adlule.
Amazwana avaliwe.