I-iOS/iPadOS vs. Android: Battle of Mobile Operating Systems

Isibuyekezo sokugcina: December 19 we-2023
Author: UJaime Herrera
I-iOS/iPadOS vs Android

Emhlabeni wokuncintisana wezinhlelo zokusebenza zamaselula, impi phakathi I-Apple iOS/iPadOS ne-Google Android kube ngumthombo oqhubekayo wempikiswano nokuthandwayo phakathi kwabasebenzisi, nakuba iningi le Ukuqhathanisa bekugxile kakhulu ezinhlelweni zokusebenza zedeskithophu.

Ngayinye yalezi zinhlelo inikeza ukuzizwisa okuhlukile nezici ezihlukile, kusukela ekwakhiweni kwazo kuya ekusebenzeni kwazo. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola ukuqhathanisa okunemininingwane yobuchwepheshe phakathi kwe-iOS/iPadOS ne-Android, sihlola izici zobuchwepheshe ezengeziwe wabo, ukuze ubazi ngaphakathi futhi ngaleyo ndlela usize ekukhethweni ngandlela thize, nakuba ngaphandle kokuncika ekukhetheni...

Yini i-iOS?

I-iOS (okwakuyi-iPhone OS) Iwuhlelo lokusebenza lweselula olwakhiwe i-Apple Inc. ngokukhethekileyo kumadivayisi ayo. Ikhona kumadivayisi e-iPhone nakumadivayisi e-iPod Touch (aqhutshekwe maphakathi no-2022). Ingowesibili uhlelo lokusebenza lweselula olusetshenziswa kakhulu emhlabeni, lulandela i-Android.

Isebenza futhi njengesisekelo samanye amasistimu wokusebenza amathathu adalwe yi-Apple: I-iPadOS, i-tvOS, ne-watchOS. Futhi, nakuba kuyi-software yokuphathelene, izingxenye ziwumthombo ovulekile ngaphansi kwe-Apple Public Source License namanye amalayisense.

Fue ikhishwe ngo-2007 nge-iPhone yokuqalaI-iOS kusukela ngaleso sikhathi isinwetshiwe ukuze isekele ezinye izisetshenziswa ze-Apple, njenge-iPod Touch (September 2007) kanye ne-iPad (eyethulwe ngoJanuwari 2010, etholakala ngo-April 2010). Kusukela ngoMashi 2018, i-Apple App Store iqukethe izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-iOS ezingaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-2.1, isigidi sazo okungezomdabu wama-iPads. Lezi zinhlelo zokusebenza zeselula zilandwe zizonke izikhathi ezingaphezu kwezigidigidi eziyi-130. Izinguqulo ezinkulu ze-iOS zikhishwa minyaka yonke, futhi inguqulo yamanje ezinzile, i-iOS 17, yakhishelwa umphakathi ngoSepthemba 18, 2023.

Kodwa-ke, imvelaphi yayo ihlehlela emuva eminyakeni emibili ngaphambili, kusukela ngo-2005, uSteve Jobs waqala ukuhlela i-iPhone yesikhathi esizayo, kwadingeka ahlele ithimba lokuthuthukiswa kwesistimu entsha yokusebenza, lapho ayezohlanganisa khona ithimba lezokuthuthukiswa kwe-macOS ne-iPod, eholwa nguScott Forstall noTony Fadell, ngokulandelana. umncintiswano wangaphakathi ukuzama ukudala i-macOS encishiswe kakhulu noma uzame ukwandisa uhlelo lwe-iPod.

I-Forstall iwine ngokudala I-iPhone OS, enike amandla impumelelo ye-iPhone njengenkundla yonjiniyela bezinkampani zangaphandle. Uhlelo lokusebenza lwembulwa eceleni kwe-iPhone ku-Macworld Conference & Expo ngoJanuwari 9, 2007, futhi yakhululwa ngoJuni walowo nyaka.

Ilayisensi kanye nokuthuthukiswa

Nakuba i-iOS/iPadOS kuyizinhlelo zokusebenza kuvaliwe noma okuphathelene, ilayisensi yakwa-Apple. Kukhona futhi izingxenye ezithile zomthombo ovulekile ezihlobene nale sistimu, njenge-Darwin, enikezwe ilayisense ngaphansi kwe-Apple Public Source License (APSL), ilayisense yomthombo wamahhala novulekile, nakuba ingahambelani ne-GNU GPL.

Apple wenze i-XNU kernel yaba umthombo ovulekile ngaphansi kwelayisensi ye-BSD 3-isigatshana sezingxenye zangempela ezizuzwe njengefa ohlelweni lwe-BSD, kuyilapho izingxenye ezingezwe yi-Apple zinelayisensi ngaphansi kwe-APSL. Kodwa-ke, izinguqulo ze-kernel ku-iOS azitholakali esidlangalaleni.

Ngokuqondene nokuthuthukiswa, ulimi lokuhlanganisa lusetshenziselwa ezinye izinto ku-kernel, kanye nezilimi zokuhlela C, C++, Objective-C kanye ne-Swift Okwezinhlelo zokusebenza, njengoba wazi. Konke okuhlobene nesistimu yokusebenza kuthuthukiswa yi-Apple ngokwayo; kodwa-ke, izinhlelo zokusebenza zezinkampani zangaphandle zithuthukiswa abantu abahlukene, amaqembu, nezinkampani.

Ukwenza impilo ibe lula konjiniyela ukuthi bakhe izinhlelo zokusebenza ezihambisanayo, i-Apple ine- I-iOS SDK (Ikhithi Yokuthuthukisa Isofthiwe)Ekuqaleni, i-CEO ye-Apple uSteve Jobs ayizange ihlele ukuvumela abathuthukisi bezinkampani zangaphandle ukuthi benze izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-iOS zomdabu, kodwa ngemva kokucindezelwa kwabathuthukisi, wamemezela ngo-Okthoba 2007 ukuthi ikhithi yokuthuthukisa isofthiwe izotholakala ngoFebhuwari 2008. Mhlawumbe lesi sinqumo sisindise uhlelo lokusebenza, ngoba ngaphandle kwalo, uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-ecosystem yalo bekuyoba lubi kakhulu, futhi i-Android ngabe iwile.

I-SDK iyatholakala kuma-macOS. Inikeza ukufinyelela ezicini ezihlukene zedivayisi ye-iOS/iPadOS namasevisi, kanye nesifanisi salawa madivayisi eselula ukuze ahlole izinhlelo zokusebenza phakathi nokuthuthukiswa. A Okubhaliselwe kohlelo lukanjiniyela we-Apple Ukuze uhlole, uthole ukwesekwa kobuchwepheshe, futhi usabalalise izinhlelo zokusebenza nge-App Store, kufanele ukhokhe inkokhelo ephakeme kakhulu kunemali ekhokhelwe ukushicilela ku-Google Play.

En setha nge-XcodeI-iOS SDK isiza onjiniyela babhale izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-iOS besebenzisa izilimi zokuhlela ezisekelwa ngokusemthethweni, njenge-Swift ne-Objective-C. Ezinye izinkampani futhi zenze amathuluzi avumela ukuthuthukiswa kohlelo lokusebenza lwalezi zinhlelo zisebenzisa izilimi zazo zokuhlela.

I-core noma i-kernel

I-iOS/iPadOS kernel i-XNU kernel (I-XNU akuyona i-Unix). Izinguqulo ze-XNU zisekelwe ezinguqulweni ezahlukene ze-Darwin, futhi i-kernel yakhelwe ngaphansi kwe-ASLR (I-Address Space Layout Randomization), eyenza kube nzima amathuba okuxhaphaza ubungozi ngokungazi amakheli enkumbulo lapho i-kernel itholakala khona, into esinayo futhi ku-Linux, phakathi kokunye.

I-iOS ayinazo izandiso i-kernel (izinhlamvu) Kuhlelo lwamafayela, isithombe se-kernel yesisekelo sihlelwa ngokungahleliwe yi-bootloader (iBoot), futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izinguqulo ze-kernel ze-iOS/iPadOS kanye ne-macOS sezishintshile, njengoba i-iOS yethula izici ezintsha ezabuye zafakwa kuma-macOS. I-Apple ibonakala ihlanganisa kancane kancane izinhlamvu, emzamweni wokufinyelela ukuhlangana iMicrosoft kanye neCanonical emhlabeni we-Linux kudala bekufisa, noma ukuzuza okuthile okufana ne-ChromeOS yakwaGoogle.

I-XNU ithuthukiswe yi-Apple Inc. kusukela ngoDisemba 1996 ukuze isetshenziswe ohlelweni lokusebenza lwe-macOS futhi yakhululwa njengesofthiwe yomthombo wamahhala nevulekile njengengxenye yohlelo lokusebenza. Darwin uhlelo lokusebenza. Futhi kamuva kwakuzoba yisisekelo sazo zonke ezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza zenkampani.

Kulabo namanje abazi ukuthi i-Darwin iyini, iyisistimu yokusebenza efana ne-Unix ekuqaleni eyayikhona njengesistimu yokusebenza yomthombo ovulekile ezimele futhi yakhiwe ikhodi ethathwe I-NeXTSTEP, BSD, Mach kanye namanye amaphrojekthi wesofthiwe yamahhala, kanye nekhodi eyakhiwe yi-Apple ngokwayo.

Kuyinto a i-hybrid kernel esebenzisa i-OSFMK 7.3 (Open Software Foundation Mach Kernel) evela ku-OSF, izici ze-FreeBSD, kanye nesixhumi esibonakalayo sohlelo lomshayeli ogxile entweni ebizwa ngokuthi I/O Kit. Lo mklamo oyingxubevange uhlanganisa ukuguquguquka kwe-microkernel nokusebenza kwe-monolithic kernel.

Indawo yokuthuthukisa i-XCode, nakuba ngokusobala iphathelene ne-Apple, isebenzisa amathuluzi omthombo ovulekile avela ku-GCC noma i-LLVM ekuhlanganiseni kwangempela.

Kumele kushiwo ukuthi nakuba i-XNU ihambisana ne-AMD64 kanye ne-IA-32 izakhiwo, ekugcineni yathunyelwa I-Apple Silicon (ARM), futhi manje ukusekelwa kwezinye izakhiwo ezindala kwehlisiwe ukuze kuqondiswe ukwakheka kwezakhiwo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izakhiwo ze-x86 bezingeke zibe nengqondo kumadivayisi eselula, njengoba kwenzeka lapha. Kodwa okuningi ngalokho kamuva...

Ingxenye ye-BSD ye-kernel inikeza isikhombimsebenzisi sokuhlela se POSIX izicelo (APIs), imodeli yenqubo ye-Unix yemisebenzi ye-Mach, izinqubomgomo zokuphepha eziyisisekelo, amasistimu wamafayela abonakalayo, amasistimu wamafayela endawo, nezivumelwano zenethiwekhi, phakathi kokunye. I-I/O Kit iwuhlaka lomshayeli wedivayisi olubhalwe kusethi engaphansi ye-C++ esekelwe ku-Embedded C++. Inikeza idizayini egxile entweni eyenza kube lula ukubhala abashayeli ngesikhathi esincane nekhodi, inemicu eminingi, inikwe amandla ngokulinganayo i-multiprocessor, futhi ivumela ukucushwa kwedivayisi okuzenzakalelayo.

Izakhiwo ezisekelwe

Okubizwa nge-Apple Silicon, kokubili ku-M-Series yamakhompyutha kanye naku- I-A-Series kumadivayisi eselula, phakathi kolunye uchungechunge, kusekelwe ekwakhiweni kwe-ARM noma i-ISA, kodwa akuyona i-ARM emsulwa. I-Apple iphinde yengeza eyayo imiyalelo ethile kanye nezandiso zokuthuthukisa ukusebenza ngokwezidingo zayo. Futhi i-XNU ithuthukiselwe le-ISA, yazuza ukusebenza okuhle kakhulu nokusebenza kahle.

Okusho ukuthi, i-Apple yenza ngokwezifiso ama-CPU ayo, nakuba empeleni iyinhlangano I-ISA ARM cishe ngokuphelele. Kodwa-ke, lo mehluko omncane, kanye neqiniso lokuthi i-SoC eyinkimbinkimbi nezinye izinto ezihilelekile, yizizathu zokuthi kungani amabhanari ahlanganiswe i-ARM emsulwa angasebenzi kulawa madivayisi.

  Uyivikela kanjani i-PC yakho nezinto zikagesi emazingeni okushisa

Ngokuyisisekelo, ama-Apple chips asuselwa ku- Ama-ARMv8 okwamanje, nakuba i-ARMv7-A ne-ARMv6 nazo zasetshenziswa ngaphambilini.

Uhlelo lwefayela le-APFS

I-Apple File System (APFS) Iwuhlelo lwefayela lobunikazi elakhiwe futhi lasetshenziswa i-Apple Inc. ku-macOS, kanye ne-iOS, i-watchOS, i-tvOS, ne-iPadOS. I-APFS yakhelwe ukubhekana nezinkinga ezibalulekile nge-HFS+ futhi ilungiselelwe amadrayivu amasha okugcina ama-flash.

Kumenyezelwe engqungqutheleni yonjiniyela ye-Apple ngoJuni 2016. Uhlelo lusebenzisa izinombolo ze-i-node ezingama-64-bit nokunikezwayo. isitoreji esiphephileI-APFS isebenzisa umyalo we-TRIM ngokuphathwa okungcono kwesikhala nokusebenza. Isebenzisa i-GPT partitioning scheme, eneziqukathi ze-APFS namavolumu e-APFS ngaphakathi kwazo. Inikeza i-cloning ephumelelayo, izifinyezo, ukubethela komdabu, nokusekelwa kwezinketho eziningi zokubethela. Iphinde igxile ekuthembekeni kwedatha, ukuvikelwa kwe-failover, kanye nokucindezelwa okusobala. Nokho, eminye imikhawulo ihlanganisa ukushoda kwezibalo zokuhlola zedatha yomsebenzisi, ukusebenza kancane kuma-hard drive, nezinkinga ezaziwayo noma ubungozi.

Isikhombimsebenzisi sokuqhafaza

Yize ingekho imininingwane eyaziwayo mayelana negama le-GUI yezikrini zokuthinta eziningi, njengoba kwaziwa nge-macOS, ebizwa nge-Aqua. Esikwaziyo wukuthi uhlaka lukhona. I-UIKit, ehlinzeka ngemisebenzi ehlukahlukene yokuthuthukisa izinhlelo zokusebenza, ihlinzeka ngezingxenye ezikuvumela ukuthi wakhe ingqalasizinda eyinhloko yezinhlelo zokusebenza zalezi zinhlelo zokusebenza.

I-UIKit ihlanganisa nokusekelwa kokugqwayiza, amadokhumenti, ukudweba nokuphrinta, ukuphathwa kombhalo nesibonisi, ukusesha, izandiso zohlelo lokusebenza, ukuphathwa kwezinsiza, kanye nokuthola ulwazi mayelana nedivayisi yamanje. Ikuvumela ukuthi wenze ngendlela oyifisayo ukwesekwa kokufinyeleleka futhi wenze isixhumi esibonakalayo sendawo ngezilimi ezahlukene, amazwe, noma izifunda zamasiko. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-UIKit isebenza ngaphandle komthungo nge uhlaka lwe-SwiftUI, okukuvumela ukuthi usebenzise izingxenye zohlelo lwakho lokusebenza ku-SwiftUI noma uhlanganise ama-elementi esixhumi esibonakalayo phakathi kwezinhlaka ezimbili.

I-Apple Mobile Services

Ayikho imininingwane eminingi kakhulu ngalokhu "Izinkonzo Zeselula ze-Apple", Eqinisweni, akukho okubhekiselwe kugama, njengoba likhona ku-Android ne-GMS noma ku-Google Mobile Services. Kodwa-ke, esikwaziyo ukuthi kufaka phakathi uchungechunge lwezinsizakalo eziyisisekelo nezinhlelo zokusebenza.

Ngaphezu kwezinsiza ezibalulekile zeselula, siphinde sibe nekhithi yezinhlelo zokusebenza ezifakwe ngaphambilini, izingcingo i-bluil-in, njengeKhamera, Izithombe, Imilayezo, Imeyili, Safari, Amamephu, Siri, Ikhalenda, Isitolo Sohlelo Lokusebenza, Oxhumana Nabo, Ibhuku Lamakheli, Iwashi, Isibali, Thola I-iPhone Yami, Amafayela, njll.

Izinhlelo zokusebenza nesitolo sezinhlelo zokusebenza

Njengoba ngishilo, isitolo sohlelo lokusebenza ongalanda kuso zonke izinhlelo nemidlalo yevidiyo etholakalayo kule nkundla ibizwa Isitolo se-Apple App, njengokwazi kwakho.

Ngokuqondene nezicelo ezitholakalayo, ziningi kakhulu, futhi zonke zifakwe ngaphakathi izisho:

  • I-Objective-C ingenye yezilimi zokuhlela ezidume kakhulu zokuthuthukiswa kohlelo lokusebenza lwe-iPhone. Iwulimi olusekelwe entweni olusekelwe ku-C olusetshenziswa ngokuhambisana ne-Xcode ne-Cocoa ukuze kudalwe izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-iOS. I-cocoa iyisixhumi esibonakalayo sohlelo esibhalwe ku-Objective-C ephethe inkumbulo futhi elandela imodeli ye-MVC. Nakuba i-Objective-C sekuyisikhathi eside iyindinganiso, ngo-2010, i-Apple yavumela ukusetshenziswa kwekhodi etolikiwe ku-iOS SDK.
  • I-Swift, ngakolunye uhlangothi, iwulimi olusha oluklanyelwe ukuthi lusebenziseke kalula kune-Objective-C. Kubhekwa njengekusasa lokuthuthukiswa kohlelo lokusebenza lwe-iOS futhi sekuzuze ukuduma ngenxa yokusebenziseka kalula kanye ne-syntax ehlanzekile. Izinkampani ezinkulu, njengeFirefox ne-WordPress, zamukele i-Swift, futhi izinkampani eziningi kulindeleke ukuthi zishintshe zisuka ku-Objective-C ziye ku-Swift eminyakeni ezayo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenkathi iku-Android amaphakheji aziwa ngokuthi .apk, ohlelweni lwe-Apple esinalo i.ipaIgama layo livela kuphakheji ye-iOS App Store, futhi ilula njengefayela le-ZIP elicindezelwe eliqukethe uhlelo lokusebenza. Futhi, ngaphandle kokuthi uphule i-jailbreak, izinhlelo zokusebenza ezilandwe emithonjeni yezinkampani zangaphandle azikwazi ukufakwa ngaphansi kwanoma yiziphi izimo ngenxa yezizathu zokuphepha.

Jailbreak

Njengoba kungenzeka uyazi, amasistimu okusebenza eselula afana ne-iOS/iPadOS ne-Android “avaliwe” kakhulu—ungumsebenzisi ongenamalungelo—ukuze ugweme izinkinga zokuphepha. Kodwa-ke, lokhu futhi kukhawulela amakhono akho, futhi abanye benza "i-jailbreak" ukuze bathole amalungelo, owaziwa ngokuthi "ukuvula." ukuphuka kwejele, okulingana ne-Android root.

Kusukela yethulwa, i-iOS ibingaphansi kwayo hacks ehlukahlukene yakhelwe ukwengeza ukusebenza okungavunyelwe i-Apple. Ngaphambi kokuvela kwe-iOS App Store ngo-2008, isizathu esiyinhloko sokugqekeza ejele kwaba ukweqa indlela yokuthenga ye-Apple yokufaka izinhlelo zokusebenza zomdabu. Yize i-Apple ithi ayizikhiphi izibuyekezo zesoftware eziklanyelwe ukuphula lawa mathuluzi, isibuyekezo ngasinye se-iOS sasivame ukuchibiyela izigameko zokugqekeza kwejele ezingakaqedwa ngaphambilini.

I-Jailbreaking ihlanganisa xhaphaza futhi upeke i-kernel yedivayisi ngaso sonke isikhathi uma iqala, njengoba i-iOS iqala ilayisha i-kernel yayo ekuqaleni. Kunezinhlobo ezihlukene ze-jailbreak, ne-jailbreak engahlanganisiwe iyona ebanzi, evumela idivayisi ukuthi iqaliswe kabusha ngaphandle kwekhompyutha. Ama-jailbreaks aboshwe asebenza okwesikhashana kuphela ebhuthini eyodwa. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, kuye kwavela izixazululo ezisebenzisa i-semi-tethered ne-semi-untethered, zinikeza ukuhluka kokuthi ukuguqulwa kwedivayisi kuqhubeka kahle kangakanani phakathi kokuqalisa kabusha.

Iyini i-iPadOS? Umehluko phakathi kwe-iOS ne-iPadOS

I-iPadOS Kuseyi-iOS elungisiwe yamathebulethi. Nakuba isekela izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-iOS futhi ihlanganyela ingxenye enkulu ye-codebase yayo nomndeni obanzi wesikhulumi se-iOS, okuhlanganisa i-tvOS, i-watchOS, ne-iOS yoqobo ye-iPhone, i-iPadOS ifaka umehluko obalulekile ngokwezici namakhono.

Ngokungafani ne-iOS ye-iPhone, i-iPadOS ilungiselelwe ukusetshenziswa kwethebhulethi futhi inikeza izici eziqondene nethebulethi. imisebenzi eminingi kanye nokwandiswaIsibonelo, i-iPadOS isekela imodi yokuhlukanisa isikrini futhi ingasebenza nezibonisi zangaphandle, izici ezingatholakali ku-iOS ye-iPhone. Ukwengeza, i-iPadOS isekela i-Apple Pencil futhi inemodi yomdabu yedeskithophu yewebhu, izici ezingatholakali ku-iOS ye-iPhone.

Naphezu kwalokhu kuthuthukiswa, i-iPadOS inemikhawulo ethile uma iqhathaniswa ne-iOS ye-iPhone. Ngokwesibonelo, I-iPadOS ayihambisani ne-Apple Watch futhi idinga i-iPhone exhunyiwe ngezici ezifana namakholi wefoni nama-iMessages/SMS. Ukuhambisana kohlelo lokusebenza nakho kuyahluka, njengoba i-iPadOS ingasebenzisa izinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi ezidizayinelwe i-iOS ngemodi ehambelanayo, kodwa i-iPhone ayikwazi ukusebenzisa izinhlelo zokusebenza eziklanyelwe i-iPadOS ngokuqondile.

Ngokuya ukuphephaI-iPadOS ihlanganisa izici zesimanje ezifana nokuqinisekisa kwebhayomethrikhi, isitoreji sento evikelekile samaphasiwedi nezinkokhelo, ukwesekwa kwe-VPN ne-IPv6, ukuvinjwa kokulandela umkhondo wenkampani yangaphandle, ukubethela kwekhophi yasenqolobaneni, nesitoreji samafu esibethelwe, phakathi kokunye.

Mayelana nomlando wayo, isukela emuva ukwethulwa kwayo ngo-2019, ngenkathi i-Apple inquma ukuhlukanisa isipiliyoni sesistimu yokusebenza ye-iPad kusukela ku-iPhone. Ngokuhamba kweminyaka, kwethulwe ukuthuthukiswa okuphawulekayo, okufana nemodi ye-Sidecar yokusebenzisa i-iPad njengesibonisi sangaphandle, ukulungiselelwa kwegundane ne-trackpad, nezici ezintsha zemisebenzi eminingi, njengeSiphathi Sesiteji ku-iPadOS 16, evumela izinhlelo zokusebenza ezifika kwezine ukuthi zisebenze kusixhumi esibonakalayo sedeskithophu eyodwa.

En Ngokwemibandela yebhizinisi, i-iPadOS ingaba inketho esebenzayo ngezimo ezithile zokusetshenziswa, ezifana nokushintshwa kwekhompuyutha ephathekayo, ama-kiosks okungena, izibonisi zemininingwane yendawo yokusebenza, noma amasistimu wendawo yokuthengisa (POS). Kodwa-ke, ukufaneleka kwayo kuncike esimweni esithile sokusetshenziswa, njengoba i-iPadOS ayikwazi ukusebenzisa izinhlelo zokusebenza zedeskithophu ye-macOS futhi ikhawulelwe ezinhlelweni eziklanyelwe inkundla ye-iOS.

Ngokufingqa, umehluko phakathi kwe-iOS ne-iPadOS okulandelayo, okunye kwabiwe:

  Amaphrosesa Ahamba Phambili Angomakhalekhukhwini ka-2026: Izinga Elibuyekeziwe
ImisebenziI-iOS (i-iPhone)I-iPadOS (iPad)
Hlukanisa isikrini sezinhlelo zokusebenzaChaYebo
Ukusekela ukubonisa kwangaphandleChaYebo
I-Sidecar (okufakwayo kwesikrini)ChaYebo
Ihambisana nezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-iPadOSChaYebo
Ihambisana nezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-iOSYeboYebo
Imodi yamahhala yedeskithophuChaYebo
I-Apple Watch StandYeboCha
I-TelephonyYeboYebo
iMessage / SMSYeboYebo
Dokha i-UI esikrinini sasekhayaChaYebo
Ividiyo yesithombe-esithombeni (PiP).YeboYebo
I-Safari kwimodi yedeskithophuChaYebo
Ukuxhumana kwe-4G / 5GYeboYebo (ezinye izinguqulo)
Umhlangano we-VoIP / ngevidiyoYeboYebo
Ukuphepha kwe-biometricYeboYebo
I-Ultra wideband (UWB)YeboYebo
Imodi yekhiyoski (Imodi yohlelo lokusebenza olulodwa)YeboYebo
Isiphathi Sedivayisi YeselulaYeboYebo
Ukusekela Ipensela ye-AppleChaYebo

Yini i-Android?

Android Iwuhlelo lokusebenza lweselula oluthuthukiswe i-Google (Izinhlamvu zamagama) ngokusekelwe enguqulweni eguquliwe ye-Linux kernel kanye nenye isofthiwe yomthombo ovulekile. Ngokuyinhloko yakhelwe amadivaysi asekelwe ukuthintwa njengama-smartphone namathebulethi, nakuba ifakiwe nakwamanye amadivaysi amaningi, njengamabhokisi we-TV, amanye amalaptop amancane, njalonjalo.

Ithuthukiswa yi- I-Open Handset Alliance, inhlanganisela yonjiniyela abafana ne-Google uqobo, LG, SoftBank, Telefónica, HTC, Dell, Sony, Intel, Motorola, Qualcomm, Texas Instruments, Samsung Electronics, T-Mobile, NVIDIA, njll. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inomphakathi ophinde unikele noma wakhe amafoloko awo (Huawei's Harmony / OS, Amazon Replicant, Line OS, Baidu, I-OS, i-OxygenOS ye-Oneplus, i-Remix OS, njll.). Yethulwa ngoNovemba 2007, futhi idivayisi yokuqala yokuthengisa, i-HTC Dream, yethulwa ngoSepthemba 2008.

Umnyombo wesistimu yokusebenza waziwa ngokuthi Iphrojekthi ye-Android Open Source (AOSP), okuyisofthiwe yamahhala futhi enomthombo ovulekile ngokuyinhloko ngaphansi kweLayisense ye-Apache. Nokho, amadivayisi amaningi asebenzisa inguqulo yobunikazi ethuthukiswe i-Google, ehlanganisa isofthiwe yomthombo ovaliwe, njenge I-Google Mobile Services (GMS) futhi engizokucacisa kamuva.

I-Android ibe yi- isistimu yokusebenza esetshenziswa kakhulu emhlabeni kusukela ngo-2011. Idlula kude i-iOS/iPadOS endaweni yeselula, futhi idlula iWindows kudeskithophu ngezigidi eziningi zabasebenzisi.

Umlando we-Android usukela emuva yasungulwa ngo-2003, ngenhloso yokuqala yokuthuthukisa uhlelo lokusebenza oluthuthukisiwe lwamakhamera edijithali. Ngemva kokushintsha ukugxila, i-Google yathola i-Android ngo-2005. Kusukela lapho, iye yabuyekezwa kaningi, yamukela amagama ophudingi ngokulandelana kwezinhlamvu, njengoba ungase ukwazi kakade...

Ngaphezu kokuncintisana nohlelo lwe-Apple, iphinde yabhekana nezinye izinkinga, njengamacala obunikazi be-Microsoft, isibonelo, ukusetshenziswa Isistimu yefayela ye-FATEqinisweni, iMicrosoft yenze imali eningi ngalokhu kunohlelo lwayo lokusebenza lweWindows Phone, oluvele lwaba yi-flop ephelele.

Ilayisensi kanye nokuthuthukiswa

I-Android ithuthukiswa yi-Google kuze kube yilapho izinguquko zakamuva nezibuyekezo sezilungele ukukhishwa, ngaleso sikhathi ikhodi yomthombo yenziwa itholakale emphakathini. Iphrojekthi ye-Android Open Source (AOSP), eholwa yi-Google njengohlelo lomthombo ovulekile. Ikhodi ye-AOSP itholakala kumadivayisi akhethiwe anokulungiswa okuncane, ngokuyinhloko ukuze isebenze kuzingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha ezithile.

El Ikhodi yomthombo we-Android ayibandakanyi izishayeli zedivayisi, lezi zengezwa ngumkhiqizi wedivayisi ngayinye, ngokuvamile eziphathelene nobunikazi, ezidingekayo ezingxenyeni ezithile zehadiwe.

Mayelana namalayisense, kufanele kushiwo ukuthi i-Android ngokuyinhloko ingumthombo ovulekile, ngaphansi kwelayisensi I-GNU GPLv2 ye-Linux kernel kanye ne-Apache License 2.0 yesofthiwe yendawo yomsebenzisi. Ukwengeza, inezingxenye zamahhala nezokuphathelene, njengamabhulogu kanambambili noma izishayeli ezingezwe abakhiqizi bedivayisi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuhambisana, noma njenge-GMS.

I-core noma i-kernel

I-Android kernel isuselwe kumagatsha osekelo lwesikhathi eside (LTS) we- i-linux kernelKuze kube ngu-2023, i-Android isebenzisa izinguqulo ezingu-4.14, 4.19, 5.4, 5.10, noma 5.15 ze-Linux kernel, eshintshiwe futhi evame ukuqanjwa ngokuthi i-android13-5.15 noma i-android-4.19-stable, kuye ngedivayisi ethile. I-Android kernel inezinguquko ezengeziwe zezakhiwo ezisetshenziswe i-Google ngaphandle komjikelezo wokuthuthukiswa kwe-Linux kernel.

Lezi zinguquko zihlanganisa ukwethulwa kwezingxenye njengezihlahla zedivayisi, i-Ashmem, i-ION, nezibambi ezihlukahlukene ze-out-of-memory (OOM). Nakuba i-Google inikele ngezici ezithile ku-Linux kernel, njengesici sokuphatha amandla "wakelocks", eminye iminikelo iqale yanqatshwa onjiniyela be-core kernel ngenxa yokukhathazeka mayelana nokugcinwa isikhathi eside.

Njengoba kungenzeka uyazi, i-Linux kernel iwuhlobo i-monolithic, ekwazi ukulayisha imojuli eguquguqukayo ukuze isebenze ngokufana ne-microkernel. Ngakho-ke, ayihlanzekile njengoba kusikiselwe kweminye imibhalo, kodwa ithuthukile ukuze ivumelane nezikhathi ezishintshayo.

Abaningi bazozibuza ukuthi kungani i-Android ingeyona ukusatshalaliswa kwe-GNU/Linux, futhi isizathu siwukuthi ayisebenzisi i-ecosystem ye-GNU, kodwa isekelwe ku-Linux kuphela, futhi esikhundleni se-GNU ihlanganise igobolondo le-mksh, uhlelo lwendabuko olusetshenziswayo olugqugquzelwe yi-NetBSD, kanye nemitapo yolwazi ye-Bionic libc, esikhundleni se-GNU C Library (glibc).

Okwalabo abangazi Bionic, okuyimfoloko yomtapo wezincwadi ojwayelekile we-BSD C othuthukiswe i-Google ye-Android, iwuhlukanisa namalayisensi e-GPL nawe-LGPL. Igxile ekubeni kuncane nokusebenza kahle kwenkumbulo kune-glibc ne-uClibc, okunconyelwe ukuthuthukiswa kwe-Android nge-Native Development Kit (NDK). I-Bionic inemikhawulo, njengokuntuleka kokuphatha okuhlukile kwe-C++, isidingo sokubandakanya ngesandla I-Standard Template Library (STL), kanye nokuntuleka kosekelo lwamasethi ezinhlamvu ezinwetshiwe. Futhi ihlanganisa imisebenzi eqondene ne-Android kwezinye izingcingo zesistimu, futhi njengoba i-Android Jelly Bean MR1 (4.2), inikeza usekelo lwe-glibc's FORTIFY_SOURCE ukuvimbela ukuchichima kwebhafa.

Izakhiwo ezisekelwe

Yize i-Linux kernel itholakala ngenqwaba yezakhiwo, i-Android ifakwe kuphela kuze kube manje. kwe-x86 kanye ne-ARM. Nokho, umsebenzi nawo uyaqhubeka ukuletha ukwesekwa I-RISC-V.

Ngokukhethekile, kusukela i-Android yaphuma, ukusekelwa kuye kwanikezwa kumadivayisi okuqala angama-32-bit ARMv7, kanye nezinguqulo zesimanje ze-ISA ezifana nentsha. 8-bit ARMv9 noma ARMv64Vele, isekela i-IA-32 ne-AMD64 ohlangothini lwe-x86. Futhi, njengoba ngishilo, ukusekelwa kwe-RISC-V nakho kuyengezwa njengamanje, okuzojabulisa kakhulu…

Isistimu yefayela ye-FAT

I-Android iyahambisana amasistimu wefayela amaningi noma FS (Izinhlelo Zefayela), ezifana nalezi ezilandelayo:

  • I-FAT32 (Ithebula 32 Lokwabiwa Kwefayela): Iwuhlelo lwefayela oluhambisana nezinhlobonhlobo zamapulatifomu. Inemikhawulo kusayizi wefayela nokwahlukanisa, okuyenza ifaneleke kumadivayisi anamandla amancane okugcina nezidingo eziyisisekelo.
  • I-Ext3 (Isistimu Yefayela Enwetshiwe Yesithathu): Isistimu yefayela eyenzelwe amasistimu e-Linux. Inikeza ukuqina nokululama okuthuthukisiwe uma kuqhathaniswa nokwandulelayo, i-Ext2, ngokusebenzisa ukubhalwa kwezindaba.
  • I-Ext4 (Uhlelo Lwesine Lwefayela Olunwetshiwe): Inguqulo yakamuva yochungechunge lwe-Ext yezinhlelo ze-Linux. Inikeza ukusebenza okuthuthukisiwe kanye nekhono lokuphatha amafayela amakhulu nama-partitions amakhulu. Iphinde igcine izici zokubhala ze-Ext3.
  • I-exFAT (Ithebula Lokwabiwa Kwefayela Elinwetshiwe): Ithuthukiswe iMicrosoft, iwuhlelo lwefayela olwakhelwe ukuhambisana nezinkundla zeWindows kanye namadivayisi okulondoloza akhiphekayo. Ivame ukusetshenziswa kumamemori khadi nama-flash drive, futhi inqoba imikhawulo kasayizi wefayela we-FAT32.

Kodwa-ke, iningi lamadivayisi we-Android amanje asebenzisa i-FAT, ikakhulukazi i-exFAT. Yingakho iMicrosoft yenza imali eningi ngokuthengisa izisetshenziswa ze-Android ngokusebenzisa lobu buchwepheshe. Amanye amasistimu wefayela awavamile ukusetshenziswa kumadivayisi eselula, kodwa abekelwe ama-x86 Android ngokuqondile.

Isikhombimsebenzisi sokuqhafaza

wedizayini I-Material Design iyisethi yezimiso zokuklama nemihlahlandlela ethuthukiswe i-Google ukuze yakhe izixhumanisi ezibonakalayo ezingaguquki nezihehayo ezinhlelweni zokusebenza namawebhusayithi. Yethulwe ngo-2014 futhi igxile ekudaleni ulwazi lomsebenzisi olunembile futhi olubukekayo. I-Material Design isuselwe embonweni wokuthi isixhumi esibonakalayo kufanele sibukeke futhi siziphathe ngendlela efanayo kuwo wonke amapulatifomu namadivayisi.

  Funda indlela yokukhetha i-microSD engcono kakhulu yefoni yakho.

Ubudlelwano be-Material Design ne-GUI ye-Android (I-Graphical User Interface) buseduze, njengoba I-Google iyemukele njengendlela evamile yokuklama ngezinhlelo zokusebenza kusistimu yokusebenza ye-Android. Idizayini ebalulekile ihlinzeka ngemihlahlandlela enemininingwane yokuthi ungahlela kanjani isixhumi esibonakalayo, indlela yokusebenzisa imibala, ukuthayipha, ukugqwayiza, nezinto ezibonakalayo ukuze udale umuzwa ohambisanayo nohehayo wabasebenzisi be-Android.

Izinsizakalo Zeselula zeGoogle

I-Google Mobile Services (GMS) Kuyiqoqo lezinhlelo zokusebenza zobunikazi kanye nezinsizakalo zezinhlelo zokusebenza (ama-API) ezivela ku-Google ezifika zifakwe kuqala kumadivayisi e-Android, okuhlanganisa ama-smartphone, amaphilisi, amawashi ahlakaniphile, nokuningi. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi i-GMS ayiyona ingxenye ye-Android Open Source Project (AOSP), okusho ukuthi umkhiqizi we-Android kufanele athole ilayisense ku-Google ukuze afake ngokusemthethweni i-GMS kudivayisi ye-Android.

Kepha izicelo eziyisisekelo Izinhlelo zokusebenza ezibalulekile ezakha Amasevisi Eselula e-Google zifaka phakathi Usesho lwe-Google, i-Google Chrome, i-YouTube, i-Google Play, i-Google Drayivu, i-Gmail, i-Google Meet, i-Google Amamephu, Izithombe ze-Google, i-Google TV, ne-YouTube Music. Lezi zinhlelo zokusebenza eziyinhloko zinikela ngokuphawulekayo kulwazi lomsebenzisi kumadivayisi e-Android futhi ziyingxenye ebalulekile ye-ecosystem enikezwa i-Google ezinkundleni zokuxhumana zayo.

Hhayi ukuba yingxenye ye-AOSP, Le MSG ingasuswa futhi esikhundleni saso kufakwe ezinye izinsiza ezifanayo zenkampani yangaphandle, yilokho okwenziwa uHuawei nge-HMS yakhe ngemuva kwenswinyo evimbe uhlobo lwaseShayina ukuthi luzisebenzise, ​​noma futhi njengoba kuye kwenziwa kwezinye izinhlelo ezitholiwe, njenge-Amazon FireOS, esebenzisa uhlelo lwayo lwezinsizakalo, noma njenge/e/ isistimu yokusebenza esekelwe ku-LineageOS futhi isebenzisa izinsizakalo zendawo ze-MicroG+Mozilla esikhundleni se-GMS.

Izinhlelo zokusebenza nesitolo sezinhlelo zokusebenza

Okokuqala, uhlelo lokusebenza kanye nesitolo segeyimu yevidiyo kuleli cala -Google Play, ingxenye Yamasevisi e-Google Play ahlanganiswe ku-GMS. Kusuka kulesi sitolo, ungalanda futhi ufake zonke izinhlobo zesofthiwe etholakalayo endaweni, futhi uhlole ukuphepha, isibuyekezo, nokuningi.

I-Android isuselwe ku-Linux kernel, njengoba ngishilo ekuqaleni, kodwa nge-middleware, imitapo yolwazi nama-API abhalwe ngo-C, kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezisebenza kuhlaka lohlelo lokusebenza oluhlanganisa Imitapo yolwazi ehambisana ne-JavaInkundla isebenzisa i-Android Runtime (ART) njengendawo yayo yokusebenzisa, ngokuhlanganiswa kokufakwa ngaphambilini. Ngaphambi kwe-ART, i-Android yayisetshenziswa I-Dalvik njengomshini ovele ngesikhathi (JIT) ohlanganiswe umshini obonakalayo. Ilabhulali ye-Android C evamile, i-Bionic, yakhelwe ngokuqondile i-Android, ilula kune-glibc ne-uClibc futhi yalungiselelwa ama-CPU efrikhwensi ephansi.

I-Google yashintsha isitaki se-Bluetooth sisuka ku-BlueZ saya ku-BlueDroid ngo-2012 ngenxa yezizathu zelayisensi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Android ayinalo i-X Window System ngokwemvelo futhi ayisekeli isethi egcwele yemitapo yolwazi ye-GNU. Ezinguqulweni zamanje, isebenzisa Ibhokisi lokudlala, iqoqo lezinsiza zomugqa womyalo, kanye ne-Trusty OS, isistimu yokusebenza ngaphakathi kwe-Android, ihlinzeka ngendawo yokusebenzisa ethembekile yezinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlukahlukene, kusukela ezinkokhelweni zeselula ukuya ekutholweni kwe-malware.

Ngokuqondene ne umphathi wephakhejiKulokhu, i-Google Play ngokwayo isetshenziswa njengomphathi wephakheji, nakuba ungakwazi ukuhlela izinketho zokuphepha ukuze wamukele amaphakheji avela emithonjeni yezinkampani zangaphandle, ngokuzifaka wena engozini. Ukwengeza, ezinye izitolo zohlelo lokusebenza nazo zingafakwa ngaphansi kwempande.

Amafayela afakekayo kuleli cala yi-.apk. Ifayela le-APK (Iphakheji le-Android). Kuyifomethi esetshenziswa uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-Android, ngokuvamile uhlobo lwefayela le-JAR. Ingakhiwa ngekhodi yomthombo ye-Java noma ye-Kotlin futhi iqukethe zonke izici zohlelo, njengekhodi, izinsiza, izitifiketi, ne-manifest. Amafayela e-APK angenziwa futhi asayinwe kusukela kuzinqwaba zohlelo lokusebenza lwe-Android.

Umsuka

Umsuka Kumadivayisi e-Android, kubhekiselwa ekutholeni ukufinyelela okukhethekile kusistimu yokusebenza nama-partitions azwelayo, njenge/system/, okulingana ne-Apple jailbreak. Ngokungafani nokusatshalaliswa kwe-Linux yedeskithophu evamile, abasebenzisi bedivayisi ye-Android abanakho ukufinyelela kwezimpande kusistimu yokusebenza, futhi izingxenye ezithile zifundwa kuphela kancane.

Nokho, ukufinyelela impande kungatholwa ngu sebenzisa ubungozi bokuphepha ku-Android noma uvula i-bootloader. Ukuvulwa kwe-Bootloader, okutholakala kumadivayisi amaningi e-Android, kuvumela ukufinyelela kwezimpande kodwa kusula yonke idatha yomsebenzisi enqubweni. Leli khono lisetshenziswa umphakathi womthombo ovulekile ukuze kuthuthukiswe amandla edivayisi nokwenza ngendlela oyifisayo, kodwa lingaphinde lisetshenziswe abadlali abanonya ukuze bafake amagciwane nohlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha.

Isifinyezo somehluko

Amapharamithai-iOS / IPOSAndroid
UnjiniyelaI-Apple inesibopho sokuthuthukisa kuphela. I-Open Handset Alliance (OHA) kanye ne-Google banesibopho sokuthuthukisa.
ukukhululwa kokuqala2007, ikakhulukazi ngoJulayi 29.2008, ikakhulukazi ngoSepthemba 23.
UmndeniI-Unix-like (XNU - Darwin)I-Unix-like (Linux)
Igama lenguqulo yokuqalaI-iOS 1 / iPadOS 13I-Android 1.0
Imikhakha eqondiweOkwamadivaysi eselula afana ne-iPhone, ama-smartphones e-Apple, kanye namathebulethi e-iPad enkampani. Yayitholakala futhi kubadlali be-iPod. Okwezinhlobonhlobo zamadivayisi, kusukela kumakhalekhukhwini kuya kuma-smartphone namathebulethi, kuya kumabhokisi e-TV, ama-smart TV, amakhompyutha aphathekayo amancane, nokuningi.
AbashayeliI-iOS ne-iPadOS zilungiselelwe kuphela futhi abashayeli bafakiwe kumadivayisi we-Apple. I-Android isebenza ezinhlobonhlobo ezihlukahlukene zokwenziwa namamodeli, ngehardware evela kumikhiqizo eminingi ehlukene, ngakho-ke kufanele ifake la mashayeli. Kujwayelekile kakhulu.
I-KernelI-iOS ne-iPadOS inomongo we-XNU, njenge-macOS. I-hybrid coreI-Android isebenzisa i-Linux, futhi iyi-monolithic enokulayisha okuguquguqukayo kwemojula.
IlayisensiI-iOS/iPadOS isebenzisa amalayisense e-APSL kanye ne-Proprietary (EULA), kuye ngeqembu.I-Android ilayisensi ngaphansi kwe-GNU GPLv2 kanti ezinye izingxenye zinelayisensi ngaphansi kwe-Apache License.
Izilimi ezifakwayoIzilimi ezifana ne-Objective-C, Swift, C, ne-C++ zisetshenziselwa ukuthuthukiswa kwayo.I-Android isebenzisa i-Java, C, ne-C++, nakuba ezinye izingxenye zingafaka nezinye izilimi.
UkubuyekezaNgomphathi wokubuyekeza we-OTANgomphathi wokubuyekeza we-OTA
AplicacionesIzicelo zenziwa kusetshenziswa i-Swift.Izicelo zenziwa e-Kotlin futhi ikakhulukazi i-Java.
Isiphequluli sewebhu esizenzakalelayosafariChrome
Umsizi wezwiSiriUsizo lwe-Google
UkuphephaIsekelwe kusistimu yayo yokuvikela, futhi izinhlelo zokusebenza ziyahlungwa ngaphambi kokuthi zishicilelwe ku-App Store ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi azinalo unya. Kunjalo, inohlelo lokuvimba imithombo yezinkampani zangaphandle ukuze ivikeleke, kanye nohlelo lwezimvume. Isekelwe ohlelweni lokuvikela lwe-SELinux, futhi izinhlelo zokusebenza ziyahlungwa ngaphambi kokushicilelwa ku-Google Play ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi azinalo unya. Kunjalo, inohlelo lokuvimba imithombo yezinkampani zangaphandle ukuze ivikeleke, kanye nohlelo lwezimvume.
izilimiItholakala ngezilimi ezingaba ngu-24.Itholakala ngezilimi ezingaphezu kwezi-100.

I-iOS/iPadOS vs i-Android: Izinzuzo nokungalungi kwayo ngayinye

Ngemininingwane yobuchwepheshe eshiwo ngenhla, kufanele manje ube nombono ocacile we izinzuzo kanye nokubi ngamunye ngamunye. Kodwa ukwenza kube lula kuwe lapho ukhetha isistimu yokusebenza efanele, nazi ezinye zezinzuzo nezingozi eziphawuleka kakhulu ngakunye:

  • i-iOS / IPOSIdizayinelwe zonke izinhlobo zabasebenzisi, kulula kakhulu ukuyisebenzisa futhi inembile, futhi ivikelekile, izinzile, futhi inikeza inani elikhulu lezinhlelo zokusebenza. Kodwa-ke, ukusuka endaweni eyodwa ukuya kwenye kungaletha ubunzima obuthile, ngakho-ke uma uke wasebenzisa i-Android ngaphambilini futhi ungagculisekile ngayo, ukushintshela ku-ecosystem ye-Apple kuzodinga ukulungiswa okuthile. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, okulandelayo kufanelekile ukuqaphela:
    • Izinzuzo:
      • Ukusebenziseka: I-iOS/iPadOS, yakhelwe ngqo amadivayisi we-Apple, iqinisekisa ukuhlanganiswa okuhle phakathi kwesoftware nehardware. Lokhu kuwenza abe amadivaysi asheshayo futhi asebenza kahle.
      • Ikhwalithi: Izinhlelo zokusebenza nezingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha ngokuvamile zisezingeni eliphezulu, kanye nokuba nedizayini ekhetheke kakhulu.
      • Ezokuphepha: Isakhiwo esivaliwe nokulawula okuqinile kwe-App Store kunomthelela endaweni ephephile ngokuya ngohlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha nezinsongo, okungenzeka zidlule i-Android, nakuba ingenabungozi.
      • I-ecosystem ehlanganisiwe: Ukuhlanganiswa okungenamthungo namanye amadivaysi e-Apple, njenge-Mac, i-iPad, i-Apple Watch, nezinsizakalo ezifana ne-iCloud, kuvumela okuhlangenwe nakho okuhle kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nokuba ne-ecosystem ehlukahlukene, lapho mhlawumbe kungeyona yonke into esebenza kahle.
    • nebubi:
      • Ukwenza ngokwezifiso okukhawulelwe: Ukwenza ngendlela oyifisayo isistimu neyomsebenzisi kunomkhawulo kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa ne-Android. I-Jailbreaking nayo inzima kakhulu.
      • Izindleko: Amadivayisi we-Apple ngokuvamile abiza kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nezinketho ezifanayo ze-Android.
      • Izinhlobonhlobo ezincane zamadivayisi: I-Apple yenza inombolo elinganiselwe yamadivayisi, engakhawulela ukukhetha kubathengi, kuyilapho i-Android inikeza izinketho ezinkulu.
  • AndroidIdizayinelwe zonke izinhlobo zabasebenzisi, kulula kakhulu ukuyisebenzisa futhi inembile, futhi ivikelekile, izinzile, futhi nenani elikhulu lezinhlelo zokusebenza ezitholakalayo, nangaphezu kwe-Apple. Okufanayo kusebenza uma usujwayele imvelo ye-Apple, noma unamanye amadivaysi e-Apple ekhaya, kungcono ukhethe i-iOS/iPadOS ukuze uthole kalula futhi uhlanganise. Futhi, okulandelayo kufanelekile ukugqanyiswa:
    • Izinzuzo:
      • Izinhlobonhlobo zamadivayisi: I-Android itholakala kumadivayisi anhlobonhlobo avela kubakhi abahlukahlukene, enikeza izinketho zebhajethi nezintandokazi ezahlukene.
      • Ukwenza ngendlela oyifisayo okuthuthukile: Abasebenzisi banenkululeko enkulu yokwenza ngokwezifiso interface yomsebenzisi futhi balungise izilungiselelo ngokuvumelana nezintandokazi zabo. Ukwengeza, uzothola izinhlelo zokusebenza ezifana neziqalisi nezinye izici eziningi ezingadingi impande ukuze zisebenze kahle.
      • Umthombo Ovulekile: Njengoba ingumthombo ovulekile, ingadlulisa ukuzethemba okwengeziwe futhi uze ube nama-ROM ane-kernel engenawo ama-blob kanambambili, izinguqulo ezinokuphepha nokuthuthukiswa kobumfihlo, ngaphandle kwe-GMS, njll.
      • Amasevisi e-Google: I-Apple ayinakho ukuhlukahluka okuningi kumasevisi njenge-Google, futhi amanye ahluliwe, njenge-Maps ngokumelene ne-Google Amamephu. Isibonelo, kulawa madivayisi, uzothola ukuhlanganiswa ne-Gmail, GDrive, YouTube, Maps, Chrome, GBoard, Lens, Play Umculo, Izithombe, njll. ngokuzenzakalelayo.
    • nebubi:
      • Ukuhlukaniswa: Ukuhlukaniswa kwesistimu esebenzayo kungaholela kulwazi lomsebenzisi olungaguquki, njengoba abakhiqizi bekhipha izibuyekezo ngejubane labo. Kodwa-ke, izinhlobo ezinkulu zedivayisi yeselula njenge-Google, i-Samsung, nezinye azinazo izinkinga.
      • Ukuphepha okuguquguqukayo: Ngenxa yokuhlukahluka kwamadivayisi nabakhiqizi, ukuvikeleka kungahluka, ikakhulukazi kumadivayisi amadala noma asezingeni eliphansi.
      • Ukulungiselela okuncane: Ngenxa yokuthi kufanele isebenze kumadivayisi ahlukahlukene ahlukene, ayilungiselelwa noma iyiphi idivayisi ethile, okungaholela ekuhlakazweni kwemisebenzi engasebenzi kuzo zonke.

Impela, usuvele wazi ukuthi ukukhetha phakathi kwe-iOS ne-Android kuzoncika ekuthandeni komuntu ngamunye nezici ezifana nesabelomali, ukwenza ngokwezifiso okufiswayo, kanye nokuncanyelwayo kwe-ecosystem ethile…