Ezweni lokuncintisana kwezinhlelo zokusebenza zeselula, impi phakathi kwe-iOS/iPadOS ye-Apple kanye ne-Android ye-Google ibilokhu ingumthombo wempikiswano njalo kanye nezintandokazi zabasebenzisi, yize ukuqhathanisa okuningi kugxile kakhulu ezinhlelweni zokusebenza zedeskithophu.
Ngayinye yalezi zinhlelo inikeza okuhlangenwe nakho okuhlukile kanye nezici ezihlukile, kusukela ekwakhiweni kwazo kuya ekusebenzeni kwazo. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola ukuqhathanisa okuningiliziwe kobuchwepheshe phakathi kwe-iOS/iPadOS ne-Android, sihlole izici zazo zobuchwepheshe ukuze sithole ukuqonda komuntu wangaphakathi futhi ngaleyo ndlela sisize ekukhetheni, ngaphandle kokukhetha.
Yini i-iOS?
I-iOS (eyayikade iyi-iPhone OS) iwuhlelo lokusebenza lweselula olwakhiwe yi-Apple Inc. kuphela ngamadivayisi ayo. Lusetshenziswa kuma-iPhone kanye namadivayisi e-iPod Touch (oluye lwavalwa maphakathi no-2022). Luhlelo lokusebenza lweselula lwesibili olusetshenziswa kakhulu emhlabeni, ngemuva kwe-Android.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, isebenza njengesisekelo sezinye izinhlelo ezintathu zokusebenza ezidalwe yi-Apple: i-iPadOS, i-tvOS, kanye ne-watchOS . Futhi, yize kuyisofthiwe eyimfihlo, ezinye izingxenye zivulekile ngaphansi kwelayisensi yomthombo womphakathi ye-Apple kanye namanye amalayisense.
I-iOS eyakhishwa ngo-2007 nge-iPhone yokuqala , yanwetshwa ukuze isekele amanye amadivayisi e-Apple, okuhlanganisa i-iPod Touch (Septhemba 2007) kanye ne-iPad (eyethulwa ngoJanuwari 2010, etholakala ngo-Ephreli 2010). Kusukela ngoMashi 2018, i-App Store ye-Apple yayinezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-iOS ezingaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-2.1, eziyisigidi zazo ezazivela kuma-iPad. Lezi zinhlelo zokusebenza zeselula zazilandwe ndawonye izikhathi ezingaphezu kwezigidigidi ezingu-130. Izinguqulo ezinkulu ze-iOS zikhishwa minyaka yonke, futhi inguqulo yamanje eqinile, i-iOS 17, yakhishwa emphakathini ngoSepthemba 18, 2023.
Kodwa-ke, imvelaphi yayo ibuyela emuva eminyakeni emibili ngaphambili, njengoba ngo-2005, uSteve Jobs waqala ukuhlela i-iPhone yesikhathi esizayo. Kwadingeka ahlele ithimba lokuthuthukisa uhlelo olusha lokusebenza, futhi ukuze enze kanjalo, wahlanganisa amaqembu okuthuthukisa i-macOS ne-iPod, eholwa nguScott Forstall noTony Fadell, ngokulandelana, emncintiswaneni wangaphakathi wokuzama ukudala i-macOS encishisiwe kakhulu noma ukuzama ukwandisa uhlelo lwe-iPod.
UForstall uwine umklomelo ngokudala i-iPhone OS , okwenza i-iPhone yaphumelela njengeplatifomu yabathuthukisi bezinkampani zangaphandle. Uhlelo lokusebenza lwembulwa eceleni kwe-iPhone engqungqutheleni ye-Macworld & Expo ngoJanuwari 9, 2007, futhi lwakhishwa ngoJuni walowo nyaka.
Ilayisensi kanye nokuthuthukiswa
Nakuba i-iOS/iPadOS ziyizinhlelo zokusebenza ezivaliwe noma ezizimele , ezinelayisensi yi-Apple, kunezinye izingxenye zomthombo ovulekile ezihlobene nazo, njenge-Darwin, enelayisensi ngaphansi kwe-Apple Public Source License (APSL), ilayisensi yomthombo ovulekile neyamahhala, yize ingahambisani ne-GNU GPL.
I-Apple yenze i-XNU kernel open source ngaphansi kwelayisensi ye-BSD 3-clause yezingxenye zokuqala ezizuzwe ohlelweni lwe-BSD, kuyilapho izingxenye ezingezwe yi-Apple zingaphansi kwelayisensi ye-APSL. Kodwa-ke, izinguqulo ze-kernel ku-iOS azitholakali emphakathini.
Ngokuphathelene nokuthuthukiswa, ulimi lokuhlanganisa lusetshenziswa kwezinye izingxenye ze-kernel, kuyilapho i-C, i-C++, i-Objective-C, ne-Swift zisetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zokusebenza, njengoba kungenzeka wazi. Konke okuhlobene nohlelo lokusebenza kuthuthukiswa yi-Apple uqobo; noma kunjalo, izinhlelo zokusebenza zezinkampani zangaphandle zakhiwa ngabantu abahlukahlukene, amaqembu, nezinkampani.
Ukuze kube lula ngabathuthukisi ukudala izinhlelo zokusebenza ezihambisanayo, i-Apple inikeza i- iOS SDK (i-Software Development Kit) . Ekuqaleni, i-CEO ye-Apple uSteve Jobs wayengahleli ukuvumela abathuthukisi bezinkampani zangaphandle ukuthi bakhe izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-iOS zomdabu, kodwa ngemuva kokucindezelwa ngabathuthukisi, wamemezela ngo-Okthoba 2007 ukuthi ikhithi yokuthuthukisa isofthiwe izotholakala ngoFebhuwari 2008. Lesi sinqumo kungenzeka ukuthi sasindisa uhlelo lokusebenza, ngoba ngaphandle kwalokho, uhlelo lwayo lokusebenza ngabe lukhawulelwe kakhulu, futhi i-Android ngabe ibusa.
I-SDK iyatholakala kuma-macOS. Inikeza ukufinyelela kuzici nezinsizakalo ezahlukahlukene zedivayisi ye-iOS/iPadOS, kanye nesilingisi sokuhlola izinhlelo zokusebenza ngesikhathi sokuthuthukiswa. Ubulungu be-Apple Developer Program buyadingeka ukuze kuhlolwe, kutholakale ukwesekwa kobuchwepheshe, futhi kusatshalaliswe izinhlelo zokusebenza nge-App Store—imali ephezulu kakhulu kunokushicilela ku-Google Play.
Kanye ne-Xcode , i-iOS SDK isiza onjiniyela ukuthi babhale izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-iOS besebenzisa izilimi zokuhlela ezisekelwa ngokusemthethweni, njenge-Swift kanye ne-Objective-C. Ezinye izinkampani nazo zidale amathuluzi avumela ukuthuthukiswa kwezinhlelo zokusebenza zomdabu zalezi zinhlelo besebenzisa izilimi zazo zokuhlela…
I-core noma i-kernel
I-kernel ye-iOS/iPadOS iyi -kernel ye-XNU (i-XNU akuyona i-Unix). Izinguqulo ze-XNU zisekelwe ezinguqulweni ezahlukene ze-Darwin, futhi le kernel yaklanywa kusetshenziswa i-ASLR (Address Space Layout Randomization), okwenza kube nzima ukuxhashazwa kobuthakathaka ngoba amakheli ememori lapho i-kernel ihlala khona awaziwa—okuthile okutholakala naku-Linux, phakathi kwezinye izinhlelo.
I-iOS ayinazo izandiso ze-kernel (kexts) ohlelweni lwefayela; isithombe se-kernel eyisisekelo sihlelwa ngokungahleliwe yi-bootloader (iBoot). Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izinguqulo ze-kernel ze-iOS/iPadOS kanye ne-macOS ziye zahlangana, njengoba i-iOS yethula izici ezintsha ezafakwa kamuva ku-macOS. Kubonakala sengathi i-Apple ihlanganisa kancane kancane ama-kernel ukuze kufezwe ukuhlangana okufiswa yi-Microsoft ngisho ne-Canonical ezweni le-Linux, noma ukufeza into efana ne-ChromeOS kaGoogle.
I-XNU yasungulwa yi-Apple Inc. kusukela ngoDisemba 1996 ukuze isetshenziswe ohlelweni lokusebenza lwe-macOS futhi yakhululwa njengesofthiwe yamahhala nevulekile njengengxenye yohlelo lokusebenza lwe-Darwin . Kamuva yaba yisisekelo sezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza zenkampani.
Kulabo abangakajwayelani noDarwin, uhlelo lokusebenza olufana ne-Unix olwalukhona ekuqaleni njengohlelo lokusebenza oluzimele oluvulekile futhi lwakhiwe ngekhodi ethathwe ku- NeXTSTEP, BSD, Mach kanye namanye amaphrojekthi esofthiwe yamahhala, kanye nekhodi ethuthukiswe yi-Apple uqobo.
Kuyi- kernel ehlanganisiwe esebenzisa i-OSFMK 7.3 (Open Software Foundation Mach Kernel) ye-OSF, izakhi ze-FreeBSD, kanye ne-interface yokuhlela umshayeli eqondiswe ezintweni ebizwa ngokuthi i-I/O Kit. Lo mklamo ohlanganisiwe uhlanganisa ukuguquguquka kwe-microkernel nokusebenza kwe-kernel eyodwa.
Indawo yokuthuthukisa i-XCode, nakuba ngokusobala iphathelene ne-Apple, isebenzisa amathuluzi omthombo ovulekile avela ku-GCC noma i-LLVM ekuhlanganiseni kwangempela.
Kuyafaneleka ukuqaphela ukuthi yize i-XNU ihambisana nezakhiwo ze-AMD64 kanye ne-IA-32, ekugcineni yathunyelwa ku- Apple Silicon (ARM) , futhi ukwesekwa kwezakhiwo zangaphambilini sekuncishisiwe ukuze kuncishiswe umthwalo wayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izakhiwo ze-x86 ngeke zibe nengqondo kumadivayisi eselula, njengoba kunjalo lapha. Kodwa sizoxoxa ngalokhu kamuva…
Ingxenye ye-BSD ye-kernel inikeza i-POSIX application programming interface (API) , imodeli yenqubo ye-Unix esekelwe emisebenzini ye-Mach, izinqubomgomo zokuphepha eziyisisekelo, izinhlelo zamafayela ezibonakalayo, izinhlelo zamafayela endawo, kanye nezinqubo zenethiwekhi, phakathi kwezinye izinto. I-I/O Kit iyisakhiwo somshayeli wedivayisi esibhalwe ku-subset ye-C++ esekelwe ku-Embedded C++. Inikeza umklamo oqondiswe ezintweni osiza ukubhala abashayeli ngesikhathi esincane kanye nekhodi, futhi iyi-multiprocessor, i-symmetric multiprocessor, futhi ivumela ukucushwa kwedivayisi okuzenzakalelayo.
Izakhiwo ezisekelwe
Okubizwa ngokuthi i-Apple Silicon, esetshenziswa ku-M-Series yamakhompyutha kanye ne- A-Series yamadivayisi eselula, phakathi kwezinye izichungechunge, isekelwe kusakhiwo se-ARM noma i-ISA, kodwa akuyona i-ARM yangempela. I-Apple iphinde yengeza imiyalelo yayo kanye nezandiso ukuze ithuthukise ukusebenza ngokwezidingo zayo. Futhi i-XNU ilungiselelwe le-ISA, ifinyelela ukusebenza kahle kanye nokusebenza kahle okungcono kakhulu.
Ngamanye amazwi, i-Apple yenza ngokwezifiso ama-CPU ayo, yize cishe cishe angama-ARM ISA ngokuphelele . Kodwa-ke, lo mehluko omncane, kanye neqiniso lokuthi iyi-SoC eyinkimbinkimbi ehilela ezinye izingxenye, yisona sizathu esenza ukuthi ama-binary ahlanganiswe nge-ARM emsulwa angasebenzi kulawa madivayisi.
Empeleni, ama-chip e-Apple okwamanje asekelwe ku -ARMv8 , yize ngaphambilini i-ARMv7-A kanye ne-ARMv6 nazo zazisetshenziswa.
Uhlelo lwefayela le-APFS
I-Apple File System (APFS) iyisistimu yamafayela eyimfihlo eyakhiwe futhi yasetshenziswa yi-Apple Inc. ku-macOS, kanye ne-iOS, i-watchOS, i-tvOS, kanye ne-iPadOS. I-APFS yaklanywa ukuxazulula izinkinga eziyisisekelo ze-HFS+ futhi ilungiselelwe ama-flash memory drive amasha.
Yamenyezelwa engqungqutheleni yabathuthukisi be-Apple ngoJuni 2016, uhlelo lusebenzisa izinombolo ze-iNode ezingama-64-bit futhi lunikeza isitoreji esiphephile kakhulu . I-APFS isebenzisa umyalo we-TRIM wokuphathwa kwesikhala nokusebenza okungcono. Isebenzisa uhlelo lokuhlukanisa lwe-GPT, oluneziqukathi ze-APFS kanye namavolumu e-APFS ngaphakathi kwazo. Inikeza ukwakheka okuphumelelayo, izithombe, ukubethela kwemvelo, kanye nokusekelwa kwezinketho eziningi zokubethela. Iphinde igxile ekuthembekeni kwedatha, ukuvikelwa kwamaphutha, kanye nokucindezelwa okusobala. Kodwa-ke, eminye imikhawulo ifaka phakathi ukuntuleka kwama-checksum edatha yomsebenzisi, ukusebenza okuhamba kancane kuma-hard drive, kanye nezinkinga noma ubuthakathaka obaziwayo.
Isikhombimsebenzisi sokuqhafaza
Nakuba imininingwane mayelana negama le-GUI yezikrini zokuthinta okuningi ingaziwa, ngokungafani ne-Aqua ye-macOS, siyazi ukuthi uhlaka lwe -UIKit lukhona futhi lunikeza imisebenzi ehlukahlukene yokuthuthukisa izinhlelo zokusebenza, luhlinzeka ngezingxenye ezivumela abasebenzisi ukwakha ingqalasizinda eyinhloko yezinhlelo zokusebenza zalezi zinhlelo zokusebenza.
I-UIKit ihlanganisa nokusekelwa kwezithombe ezinyakazayo, amadokhumenti, ukudweba nokuphrinta, ukuphathwa kombhalo nokuboniswa, ukusesha, izandiso zohlelo lokusebenza, ukuphathwa kwezinsizakusebenza, kanye nokuthola ulwazi mayelana nedivayisi yamanje. Ivumela ukwenza ngokwezifiso ukwesekwa kokufinyeleleka kanye nokwenziwa kwendawo kwesixhumi esibonakalayo sohlelo lokusebenza lwezilimi ezahlukene, amazwe, noma izifunda zamasiko. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-UIKit isebenza kahle nohlaka lwe-SwiftUI , okuvumela ukuthunyelwa kwezingxenye zohlelo lokusebenza ku-SwiftUI noma ukuhlanganiswa kwezinto zesixhumi esibonakalayo phakathi kwezinhlaka ezimbili.
I-Apple Mobile Services
Azikho imininingwane eminingi etholakalayo mayelana "ne-Apple Mobile Services"; empeleni, azikho izinkomba zegama njengoba zikhona ze-Android kanye ne-Google Mobile Services (GMS). Kodwa-ke, siyazi ukuthi lihlanganisa uchungechunge lwezinsizakalo eziyisisekelo kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza.
Ngaphezu kwezinsizakalo ezibalulekile zefoni ephathekayo, sinesethi yezinhlelo zokusebenza ezifakwe ngaphambilini, ezibizwa ngokuthi i-blult-in , njengeKhamera, Izithombe, Imilayezo, Imeyili, i-Safari, Amamephu, i-Siri, Ikhalenda, Isitolo Sezinhlelo Zokusebenza, Oxhumana Nabo, Incwadi Yekheli, Iwashi, Isibali, Thola i-iPhone Yami, Amafayela, njll.
Izinhlelo zokusebenza nesitolo sezinhlelo zokusebenza
Njengoba ngishilo, isitolo sezinhlelo zokusebenza lapho ungalanda khona zonke izinhlelo nemidlalo yevidiyo etholakalayo kule nkundla sibizwa ngokuthi i-Apple App Store , njengoba kungenzeka uyazi.
Ngokuphathelene nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezitholakalayo, ziningi, futhi zonke zihlelwe ngezilimi ezilandelayo :
- I-Objective-C ingenye yezilimi zokuhlela ezidume kakhulu zokuthuthukiswa kohlelo lokusebenza lwe-iPhone. Iwulimi olusekelwe entweni olusekelwe ku-C olusetshenziswa ngokuhambisana ne-Xcode ne-Cocoa ukuze kudalwe izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-iOS. I-cocoa iyisixhumi esibonakalayo sohlelo esibhalwe ku-Objective-C ephethe inkumbulo futhi elandela imodeli ye-MVC. Nakuba i-Objective-C sekuyisikhathi eside iyindinganiso, ngo-2010, i-Apple yavumela ukusetshenziswa kwekhodi etolikiwe ku-iOS SDK.
- I-Swift, ngakolunye uhlangothi, iwulimi olusha oluklanyelwe ukuthi lusebenziseke kalula kune-Objective-C. Kubhekwa njengekusasa lokuthuthukiswa kohlelo lokusebenza lwe-iOS futhi sekuzuze ukuduma ngenxa yokusebenziseka kalula kanye ne-syntax ehlanzekile. Izinkampani ezinkulu, njengeFirefox ne-WordPress, zamukele i-Swift, futhi izinkampani eziningi kulindeleke ukuthi zishintshe zisuka ku-Objective-C ziye ku-Swift eminyakeni ezayo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, yize amaphakheji e-Android aziwa ngokuthi amafayela e-.apk, uhlelo lwe-Apple lusebenzisa amafayela e-.ipa . Igama livela kuphakheji ye-iOS App Store, futhi limane nje ifayela le-ZIP eliqukethe uhlelo lokusebenza. Futhi, ngaphandle kokuthi uvale idivayisi yakho nge-jailbreak, izinhlelo zokusebenza ezilandiwe emithonjeni yangaphandle azikwazi ukufakwa ngaphansi kwanoma yiziphi izimo ngenxa yezizathu zokuphepha.
Jailbreak
Njengoba kungenzeka wazi, izinhlelo zokusebenza zeselula ezifana ne-iOS/iPadOS ne-Android ziza namalungelo anqunyelwe kakhulu; ungumsebenzisi ongenawo amalungelo akhethekile okuvimbela izinkinga zokuphepha. Kodwa-ke, lokhu futhi kunciphisa amathuba, futhi abanye abantu benza inqubo ebizwa ngokuthi i-jailbreaking ukuze bathole amalungelo , okufana nokuqalisa i-Android.
Kusukela yasungulwa, i-iOS ibilokhu iyisisulu sama -hacks amaningi aklanyelwe ukwengeza izici ezingavunyelwe yi-Apple. Ngaphambi kokuba i-iOS App Store ivele ngo-2008, isisusa esiyinhloko sokugqekeza kwakuwukugwema indlela yokuthenga ye-Apple yokufaka izinhlelo zokusebenza zomdabu. Nakuba i-Apple yathi ayizikhiphi izibuyekezo zesofthiwe ezenzelwe ngqo ukuphula la mathuluzi, isibuyekezo ngasinye se-iOS sasivame ukufaka ama-patches ezenzo ze-jailbreak ezazingakalungiswa ngaphambilini.
I-Jailbreaking ihilela ukusebenzisa nokunamathisela i-kernel yedivayisi njalo uma iqala ukusebenza, njengoba i-iOS iqala ukulayisha i-kernel yayo ngesikhathi iqala ukusebenza. Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-jailbreaks, lapho i-jailbreaks engaxhunywanga iyona ebanzi kakhulu, okuvumela idivayisi ukuthi iqalwe kabusha ngaphandle kwekhompyutha. I-jailbreaks ehlanganisiwe isebenza okwesikhashana kuphela ekuqaliseni okukodwa. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, kuye kwavela izixazululo ezihlanganisiwe kanye nezihlanganisiwe, ezinikeza ukwehluka ekuqhubekeni kwezinguquko ezenziwe kudivayisi phakathi kokuqalisa kabusha.
Iyini i-iPadOS? Umehluko phakathi kwe-iOS ne-iPadOS
I-iPadOS empeleni inguqulo eguquliwe ye-iOS eyenzelwe ukusebenza kumathebulethi. Nakuba ihambisana nezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-iOS futhi yabelana ngeningi lekhodi yayo nomndeni obanzi we-iOS wamapulatifomu, kufaka phakathi i-tvOS, i-watchOS, kanye ne-iOS yokuqala ye-iPhone, i-iPadOS inomehluko omkhulu ngokwezici namakhono.
Ngokungafani ne-iOS ye-iPhone, i-iPadOS ilungiselelwe ukusetshenziswa kwethebhulethi futhi inikeza izici ezithile zokusebenza okuningi kanye nokwandisa . Isibonelo, i-iPadOS isekela imodi yesikrini esihlukanisiwe futhi ingasebenza nezibonisi zangaphandle, izici ezingatholakali ku-iOS ye-iPhone. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-iPadOS isekela i-Apple Pencil futhi inemodi yedeskithophu yewebhu yomdabu, izici ezingatholakali ku-iOS ye-iPhone.
Naphezu kwalezi zithuthukisi, i-iPadOS inemikhawulo ethile uma iqhathaniswa ne-iOS ye-iPhone. Isibonelo, i-iPadOS ayihambisani ne-Apple Watch futhi idinga i-iPhone exhunyiwe yezici ezifana nezingcingo kanye ne-iMessage/SMS. Ukuhambisana kohlelo lokusebenza nakho kuyahluka, njengoba i-iPadOS ingasebenzisa izinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi ezenzelwe i-iOS kwimodi yokuhambisana, kodwa i-iPhone ayikwazi ukusebenzisa izinhlelo zokusebenza ezenzelwe i-iPadOS ngqo.
Ngokuphathelene nokuphepha , i-iPadOS ifaka izici zesimanje ezifana nokuqinisekiswa kwe-biometric, isitoreji sezinto esiphephile samaphasiwedi nezinkokhelo, ukwesekwa kwe-VPN ne-IPv6, ukuvimba ukulandelela komuntu wesithathu, ukubethela okusekelayo, kanye nesitoreji samafu esibethelwe, phakathi kokunye.
Ngokuphathelene nomlando wayo, iqala kusukela ekuqalisweni kwayo ngo-2019 , lapho i-Apple yanquma ukuhlukanisa ulwazi lwesistimu yokusebenza ye-iPad nolwe-iPhone. Kuzo zonke izinguqulo zayo, kuye kwathuthukiswa kakhulu, njengemodi ye-Sidecar yokusebenzisa i-iPad njengesiqaphi sangaphandle, ukulungiswa kwegundane kanye ne-trackpad, kanye nezici ezintsha zemisebenzi eminingi, njenge-Stage Manager ku-iPadOS 16, evumela izinhlelo zokusebenza ezifika kwezine ukuthi zisebenze ku-interface yedeskithophu.
Ngokwebhizinisi , i-iPadOS ingaba inketho esebenzayo ezimweni ezithile zokusetshenziswa, njengokushintsha ama-laptop, ama-kiosk okukhokha, izibonisi zolwazi lwendawo yokusebenza, noma izinhlelo ze-point-of-sale (POS). Kodwa-ke, ukufaneleka kwayo kuncike esimweni esithile sokusetshenziswa, njengoba i-iPadOS ingakwazi ukusebenzisa izinhlelo zokusebenza zedeskithophu ze-macOS futhi ikhawulelwe ezinhlelweni zokusebenza ezenzelwe ipulatifomu ye-iOS.
Ngamafuphi, umehluko we-iOS/iPadOS umi kanje; okunye kwabelwana ngakho:
| Imisebenzi | I-iOS (i-iPhone) | I-iPadOS (iPad) |
| Hlukanisa isikrini sezinhlelo zokusebenza | Cha | Yebo |
| Ukusekela ukubonisa kwangaphandle | Cha | Yebo |
| I-Sidecar (okufakwayo kwesikrini) | Cha | Yebo |
| Ihambisana nezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-iPadOS | Cha | Yebo |
| Ihambisana nezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-iOS | Yebo | Yebo |
| Imodi yamahhala yedeskithophu | Cha | Yebo |
| I-Apple Watch Stand | Yebo | Cha |
| I-Telephony | Yebo | Yebo |
| iMessage / SMS | Yebo | Yebo |
| Dokha i-UI esikrinini sasekhaya | Cha | Yebo |
| Ividiyo yesithombe-esithombeni (PiP). | Yebo | Yebo |
| I-Safari kwimodi yedeskithophu | Cha | Yebo |
| Ukuxhumana kwe-4G / 5G | Yebo | Yebo (ezinye izinguqulo) |
| Umhlangano we-VoIP / ngevidiyo | Yebo | Yebo |
| Ukuphepha kwe-biometric | Yebo | Yebo |
| I-Ultra wideband (UWB) | Yebo | Yebo |
| Imodi yekhiyoski (Imodi yohlelo lokusebenza olulodwa) | Yebo | Yebo |
| Isiphathi Sedivayisi Yeselula | Yebo | Yebo |
| Ukusekela Ipensela ye-Apple | Cha | Yebo |
Yini i-Android?
I-Android uhlelo lokusebenza lweselula olwakhiwe yi-Google (Alphabet) olusekelwe enguqulweni eguquliwe ye-Linux kernel kanye nenye isofthiwe evulekile. Yaklanywa ngokuyinhloko kumadivayisi okuthinta afana nama-smartphone namathebulethi, yize isifakiwe kwamanye amadivayisi amaningi, kufaka phakathi ama-TV box, amanye ama-laptop amancane, nokuningi.
Yakhiwe yi- Open Handset Alliance , iqembu labathuthukisi abahlanganisa i-Google, i-LG, i-SoftBank, i-Telefónica, i-HTC, i-Dell, i-Sony, i-Intel, i-Motorola, i-Qualcomm, i-Texas Instruments, i-Samsung Electronics, i-T-Mobile, i-NVIDIA, nabanye. Iphinde ibe nomphakathi onikela ku-OS futhi idale amafoloko ayo (i-Huawei's Harmony OS, i-Baidu, i-ColorOS, i-Replicant, /e/, i-Lineage OS, i-Amazon's Fire OS, i-OnePlus's OxygenOS, i-Remix OS, njll.). Yavezwa ngoNovemba 2007, futhi idivayisi yokuqala yezentengiselwano, i-HTC Dream, yakhishwa ngoSepthemba 2008.
Ingqikithi yesistimu yokusebenza yaziwa ngokuthi i-Android Open Source Project (AOSP) , okuyisofthiwe yamahhala nevulekile engaphansi kweLayisensi ye-Apache. Kodwa-ke, amadivayisi amaningi asebenzisa inguqulo eyimfihlo ethuthukiswe yi-Google, ehlanganisa isofthiwe evaliwe njenge- Google Mobile Services (GMS) , engizoyichaza kamuva.
I-Android ibilokhu iyisistimu yokusebenza esetshenziswa kakhulu emhlabeni kusukela ngo-2011. Idlula kakhulu i-iOS/iPadOS emkhakheni weselula, futhi idlula ne-Windows ngezigidi zabasebenzisi kudeskithophu.
Umlando we-Android uqala kusukela ekusungulweni kwayo ngo-2003, ngenhloso yokuqala yokuthuthukisa uhlelo lokusebenza oluthuthukisiwe lwamakhamera edijithali. Ngemva kokushintsha kokugxila, i-Google yathenga i-Android ngo-2005. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, iye yathuthukiswa kaningi, yamukela amagama ama-dessert ngokulandelana kwezinhlamvu zamagama, njengoba kungenzeka ukuthi usuvele wazi…
Ngaphandle kokuncintisana nohlelo lwe-Apple, luphinde lwabhekana nezinye izinkinga, njengezinkantolo ze-patent ezivela ku-Microsoft, isibonelo, mayelana nokusetshenziswa kohlelo lwefayela le-FAT . Eqinisweni, i-Microsoft yenze imali eningi ngalokhu kunangesistimu yayo yokusebenza ye-Windows Phone, okwaba ukwehluleka ngokuphelele.
Ilayisensi kanye nokuthuthukiswa
I-Android ithuthukiswa yi-Google kuze kube yilapho izinguquko zakamuva kanye nezibuyekezo sezilungele ukukhishwa, lapho ikhodi yomthombo itholakala khona kwi- Android Open Source Project (AOSP) , eholwa yi-Google njengohlelo lomthombo ovulekile. Ikhodi ye-AOSP itholakala kumadivayisi akhethiwe anezinguquko ezincane, ikakhulukazi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isebenza kuhadiwe ethile.
Ikhodi yomthombo we-Android ayifaki abashayeli bedivayisi ; lokhu kwengezwa ngumkhiqizi ngamunye wedivayisi, ngokuvamile okungokwakho, futhi kuyadingeka kwezinye izingxenye zehadiwe.
Ngokuphathelene nokunikezwa kwelayisense, i-Android ngokuyinhloko iwumthombo ovulekile, ilayisensi ngaphansi kwe-GNU GPLv2 ye-kernel ye-Linux kanye ne-Apache License 2.0 yesofthiwe yesikhala somsebenzisi . Iphinde ifake izingxenye ze-freeware kanye neziyimfihlo, njenge-binary blobs noma abashayeli abengezwe abakhiqizi bedivayisi ukuqinisekisa ukuhambisana, noma njenge-GMS.
I-core noma i-kernel
I-kernel ye-Android isekelwe emagatsheni e-Long Term Support (LTS) e- Linux kernel . Kuze kube ngu-2023, i-Android yayisebenzisa izinguqulo ezingu-4.14, 4.19, 5.4, 5.10, noma 5.15 ze-Linux kernel, eziguquliwe futhi ezivame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-android13-5.15 noma i-android-4.19-stable, kuye ngedivayisi ethile. I-kernel ye-Android inezinguquko ezengeziwe zokwakha ezisetshenziswe yi-Google ngaphandle komjikelezo ojwayelekile wokuthuthukiswa kwe-kernel ye-Linux.
Lezi zinguquko zifaka phakathi ukwethulwa kwezingxenye ezifana nezihlahla zedivayisi, i-ashmem, i-ION, kanye nabaphathi abahlukahlukene abangaphandle kwenkumbulo (i-OOM). Nakuba i-Google inikele ngezici ezithile ku-kernel ye-Linux, njengomsebenzi wokuphatha amandla we-"wakelocks", eminye iminikelo yaqale yenqatshwa ngabathuthukisi be-kernel eyinhloko ngenxa yokukhathazeka mayelana nokugcinwa kwesikhathi eside.
Njengoba kungenzeka wazi, i-Linux kernel iyi-monolithic , enekhono lokulayisha amamojula ngokuguquguqukayo ukuze asebenze ngendlela efanayo ne-microkernel. Ngakho-ke, ayihlanzekile, njengoba eminye imibhalo isikisela, kodwa ishintshile ukuze ivumelane nezikhathi ezishintshayo.
Abaningi bazozibuza ukuthi kungani i-Android ingeyona ukusatshalaliswa kwe-GNU/Linux, futhi isizathu siwukuthi ayisebenzisi i-ecosystem ye-GNU, kodwa isekelwe ku-Linux kuphela, futhi esikhundleni se-GNU ihlanganise igobolondo le-mksh, uhlelo lwendabuko olusetshenziswayo olugqugquzelwe yi-NetBSD, kanye nemitapo yolwazi ye-Bionic libc, esikhundleni se-GNU C Library (glibc).
Kulabo abangajwayelene ne -Bionic , iyinhlanganisela yomtapo wolwazi we-BSD standard C owakhiwe yi-Google ye-Android, ohlukanisa namalayisense e-GPL kanye ne-LGPL. Igxile ekubeni yincane futhi isebenze kahle kakhulu ekukhumbuleni kune-glibc kanye ne-uClibc, futhi inconywa ekuthuthukisweni kwe-Android kusetshenziswa i-Native Development Kit (NDK). I-Bionic inemikhawulo, njengokuntuleka kokuphathwa kwe-C++ okuhlukile, isidingo sokufaka ngesandla i-Standard Template Library (STL), kanye nokungabikho kokusekelwa kwezinhlamvu ezinwetshiwe. Iphinde ifake izici ezithile ze-Android kwezinye izingcingo zesistimu, futhi kusukela ku-Android Jelly Bean MR1 (4.2), inikeze ukwesekwa kwe-glibc's FORTIFY_SOURCE ukuvimbela ukugcwala kwe-buffer.
Izakhiwo ezisekelwe
Nakuba i-kernel ye-Linux itholakala ngezinhlobo eziningi zezakhiwo, i-Android ithunyelwe ku-x86 kanye ne-ARM kuphela kuze kube manje . Kodwa-ke, umsebenzi usuqalile kakade wokuletha ukwesekwa kwe- RISC-V.
Ngokukhethekile, selokhu kwakhishwa i-Android, ukwesekwa kuhlinzekwe kumadivayisi okuqala e-ARMv7 angama-32-bit, kanye nezinguqulo zesimanje ze-ISA njenge- ARMv8 entsha engama-64-bit kanye ne-ARMv9 . Vele, iyahambisana ne-IA-32 kanye ne-AMD64 ohlangothini lwe-x86. Futhi, njengoba ngishilo, ukwesekwa kwe-RISC-V kuyangezwa okwamanje, okuzoba mnandi kakhulu...
Isistimu yefayela ye-FAT
I-Android isekela izinhlelo eziningana zamafayela (FS), njengalezi ezilandelayo:
- I-FAT32 (Ithebula 32 Lokwabiwa Kwefayela): Iwuhlelo lwefayela oluhambisana nezinhlobonhlobo zamapulatifomu. Inemikhawulo kusayizi wefayela nokwahlukanisa, okuyenza ifaneleke kumadivayisi anamandla amancane okugcina nezidingo eziyisisekelo.
- I-Ext3 (Isistimu Yefayela Enwetshiwe Yesithathu): Isistimu yefayela eyenzelwe amasistimu e-Linux. Inikeza ukuqina nokululama okuthuthukisiwe uma kuqhathaniswa nokwandulelayo, i-Ext2, ngokusebenzisa ukubhalwa kwezindaba.
- I-Ext4 (Uhlelo Lwesine Lwefayela Olunwetshiwe): Inguqulo yakamuva yochungechunge lwe-Ext yezinhlelo ze-Linux. Inikeza ukusebenza okuthuthukisiwe kanye nekhono lokuphatha amafayela amakhulu nama-partitions amakhulu. Iphinde igcine izici zokubhala ze-Ext3.
- I-exFAT (Ithebula Lokwabiwa Kwefayela Elinwetshiwe): Ithuthukiswe iMicrosoft, iwuhlelo lwefayela olwakhelwe ukuhambisana nezinkundla zeWindows kanye namadivayisi okulondoloza akhiphekayo. Ivame ukusetshenziswa kumamemori khadi nama-flash drive, futhi inqoba imikhawulo kasayizi wefayela we-FAT32.
Kodwa-ke, iningi lamadivayisi we-Android amanje asebenzisa i-FAT, ikakhulukazi i-exFAT. Yingakho iMicrosoft yenza imali eningi ngokuthengisa izisetshenziswa ze-Android ngokusebenzisa lobu buchwepheshe. Amanye amasistimu wefayela awavamile ukusetshenziswa kumadivayisi eselula, kodwa abekelwe ama-x86 Android ngokuqondile.
Isikhombimsebenzisi sokuqhafaza
I-Material Design iyiqoqo lezimiso zokuklama kanye neziqondiso ezithuthukiswe yi-Google ukudala izixhumi ezibonakalayo ezihambisanayo nezihehayo kuzo zonke izinhlelo zokusebenza namawebhusayithi. Yethulwe ngo-2014, igxile ekudaleni ulwazi lomsebenzisi olunembile nolukhangayo. I-Material Design isekelwe emcabangweni wokuthi isixhumi kufanele sibukeke futhi siziphathe ngendlela efanayo kuzo zonke izinkundla namadivayisi.
I-Material Design inobuhlobo obuseduze ne-Android GUI (Graphical User Interface), njengoba i-Google iyithathile njengendlela ejwayelekile yokuklama izinhlelo zokusebenza ohlelweni lwayo lokusebenza lwe-Android. I-Material Design inikeza iziqondiso ezinemininingwane yokuthi ungahlela kanjani i-interface, ukuthi ungasebenzisa kanjani imibala, ukuthayipha, izithombe, kanye nezinto ezibonakalayo ukudala ulwazi oluhambisanayo noluhehayo kubasebenzisi be-Android.
Izinsizakalo Zeselula zeGoogle
I-Google Mobile Services (GMS) iqoqo lezinhlelo zokusebenza ezizimele kanye nezinsizakalo ze-application programming interface (API) ezivela ku-Google ezivame ukufakwa kusengaphambili kumadivayisi e-Android, kufaka phakathi ama-smartphone, amathebhulethi, ama-smartwatches, nokuningi. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi i-GMS ayiyona ingxenye ye-Android Open Source Project (AOSP), okusho ukuthi umenzi we-Android kumele athole ilayisensi evela ku-Google ukuze afake i-GMS ngokusemthethweni kudivayisi ye-Android.
Izinhlelo zokusebenza eziyinhloko ezakha i-Google Mobile Services zifaka phakathi i-Google Search, i-Google Chrome, i-YouTube, i-Google Play, i-Google Drayivu, i-Gmail, i-Google Meet, i-Google Maps, i-Google Photos, i-Google TV, kanye ne-YouTube Music. Lezi zinhlelo zokusebenza eziyinhloko zinegalelo elikhulu ekuhlangenwe nakho komsebenzisi kumadivayisi e-Android futhi ziyingxenye ebalulekile yesistimu yokusebenza enikezwa yi-Google kumapulatifomu ayo eselula.
Njengoba ingeyona ingxenye ye-AOSP, le GMS ingasuswa futhi ithathelwe indawo ngezinye izinsizakalo ezifanayo ezivela eceleni. Yilokhu iHuawei ekwenzile nge-HMS yayo ngemuva kwezijeziso ezivimbele umkhiqizo waseShayina ukuthi ungazisebenzisi, noma njengoba kuye kwenziwa kwezinye izinhlelo ezisuselwe kuzo, njenge-Amazon FireOS, esebenzisa uhlelo lwayo lwezinsizakalo, noma uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-/e/ olusekelwe ku-LineageOS futhi olusebenzisa izinsizakalo zendawo ye-MicroG+Mozilla njengokufaka esikhundleni se-GMS.
Izinhlelo zokusebenza nesitolo sezinhlelo zokusebenza
Okokuqala, uhlelo lokusebenza kanye nesitolo semidlalo kulokhu yi -Google Play , ingxenye yezinsizakalo ze-Google Play ezihlanganiswe ku-GMS. Kusuka kulesi sitolo, ungalanda futhi ufake zonke izinhlobo zesofthiwe etholakalayo yesikhulumi, kanye nokuhlola ukuphepha, isibuyekezo, njalo njalo.
I-Android isekelwe ku-kernel ye-Linux, njengoba ngishilo ngaphambili, kodwa ine-middleware, imitapo yolwazi, nama-API abhalwe ku-C, kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezisebenza kuhlaka lwesicelo olufaka imitapo yolwazi ehambisana ne-Java . Ipulatifomu isebenzisa i-Android Runtime (ART) njengendawo yayo yokusebenza, ngokuhlanganiswa kwangaphambi kokufakwa. Ngaphambi kwe-ART, i-Android yayisebenzisa i-Dalvik njengomshini wayo obonakalayo onokuhlanganiswa kwe-JIT ngesikhathi esifanele. Umtapo wolwazi we-C ojwayelekile we-Android, i-Bionic, waklanywa ngqo i-Android, ulula kune-glibc kanye ne-uClibc futhi wenzelwe ama-CPU aphansi.
I-Google ishintshe i-Bluetooth stack kusuka ku-BlueZ kuya ku-BlueDroid ngo-2012 ngezizathu zelayisensi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Android ayinayo i-X Window System futhi ayinayo isethi ephelele yama-library e-GNU. Ezinguqulweni zamanje, isebenzisa i-Toybox , iqoqo lezinsiza zomugqa wemiyalo, kanye ne-Trusty OS, uhlelo lokusebenza ngaphakathi kwe-Android, inikeza indawo yokusebenza ethembekile yezinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukahlukene, kusukela ekukhokheni kweselula kuya ekutholakaleni kwe-malware.
Ngokuphathelene nomphathi wephakheji , kulokhu i-Google Play ngokwayo iyasetshenziswa, yize ungalungiselela izinketho zokuphepha zokwamukela amaphakheji avela emithonjeni yangaphandle, ngengozi yakho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokufinyelela kwezimpande, ungafaka nezinye izitolo zezinhlelo zokusebenza.
Amafayela afakekayo kulesi simo amafayela e-.apk. Ifayela le-APK (iPhakheji ye-Android) yifomethi esetshenziswa uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-Android, ngokuvamile ifayela le-JAR, elingakhiwa ngekhodi yomthombo ye-Java noma ye-Kotlin futhi liqukethe zonke izakhi zohlelo, njengekhodi, izinsiza, izitifiketi, kanye ne-manifest. Amafayela e-APK angakhiqizwa futhi asayinwe kusuka ku-Android App Bundles.
Umsuka
I-Rooting kumadivayisi e-Android ibhekisela ekutholeni ukufinyelela okunelungelo ohlelweni lokusebenza kanye nama-partition abucayi, njenge-/system/, okulingana ne-jailbreak ye-Apple. Ngokungafani nokusatshalaliswa kwe-Linux yedeskithophu evamile, abasebenzisi be-Android abanakho ukufinyelela kwezimpande ohlelweni lokusebenza, futhi ama-partition athile afundwa kancane kuphela.
Noma kunjalo, ukufinyelela kwezimpande kungatholakala ngokusebenzisa ubuthakathaka bokuphepha kwe-Android noma ukuvula i-bootloader. Ukuvula i-bootloader, etholakala kumadivayisi amaningi e-Android, kunikeza ukufinyelela kwezimpande kodwa kusula yonke idatha yomsebenzisi enkambisweni. Leli khono lisetshenziswa umphakathi ovulekile ukuthuthukisa amakhono edivayisi kanye nokwenza ngokwezifiso, kodwa futhi lingasetshenziswa ngabantu abanonya ukufaka amagciwane kanye ne-malware.
Isifinyezo somehluko
| Amapharamitha | i-iOS / IPOS | Android |
| Unjiniyela | I-Apple inesibopho sokuthuthukisa kuphela. | I-Open Handset Alliance (OHA) kanye ne-Google banesibopho sokuthuthukisa. |
| ukukhululwa kokuqala | 2007, ikakhulukazi ngoJulayi 29. | 2008, ikakhulukazi ngoSepthemba 23. |
| Umndeni | I-Unix-like (XNU - Darwin) | I-Unix-like (Linux) |
| Igama lenguqulo yokuqala | I-iOS 1 / iPadOS 13 | I-Android 1.0 |
| Imikhakha eqondiwe | Okwamadivaysi eselula afana ne-iPhone, ama-smartphones e-Apple, kanye namathebulethi e-iPad enkampani. Yayitholakala futhi kubadlali be-iPod. | Okwezinhlobonhlobo zamadivayisi, kusukela kumakhalekhukhwini kuya kuma-smartphone namathebulethi, kuya kumabhokisi e-TV, ama-smart TV, amakhompyutha aphathekayo amancane, nokuningi. |
| Abashayeli | I-iOS ne-iPadOS zilungiselelwe kuphela futhi abashayeli bafakiwe kumadivayisi we-Apple. | I-Android isebenza ezinhlobonhlobo ezihlukahlukene zokwenziwa namamodeli, ngehardware evela kumikhiqizo eminingi ehlukene, ngakho-ke kufanele ifake la mashayeli. Kujwayelekile kakhulu. |
| I-Kernel | I-iOS ne-iPadOS inomongo we-XNU, njenge-macOS. I-hybrid core | I-Android isebenzisa i-Linux, futhi iyi-monolithic enokulayisha okuguquguqukayo kwemojula. |
| Ilayisensi | I-iOS/iPadOS isebenzisa amalayisense e-APSL kanye ne-Proprietary (EULA), kuye ngeqembu. | I-Android ilayisensi ngaphansi kwe-GNU GPLv2 kanti ezinye izingxenye zinelayisensi ngaphansi kwe-Apache License. |
| Izilimi ezifakwayo | Izilimi ezifana ne-Objective-C, Swift, C, ne-C++ zisetshenziselwa ukuthuthukiswa kwayo. | I-Android isebenzisa i-Java, C, ne-C++, nakuba ezinye izingxenye zingafaka nezinye izilimi. |
| Ukubuyekeza | Ngomphathi wokubuyekeza we-OTA | Ngomphathi wokubuyekeza we-OTA |
| Aplicaciones | Izicelo zenziwa kusetshenziswa i-Swift. | Izicelo zenziwa e-Kotlin futhi ikakhulukazi i-Java. |
| Isiphequluli sewebhu esizenzakalelayo | safari | Chrome |
| Umsizi wezwi | Siri | Usizo lwe-Google |
| Ukuphepha | Isekelwe kusistimu yayo yokuvikela, futhi izinhlelo zokusebenza ziyahlungwa ngaphambi kokuthi zishicilelwe ku-App Store ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi azinalo unya. Kunjalo, inohlelo lokuvimba imithombo yezinkampani zangaphandle ukuze ivikeleke, kanye nohlelo lwezimvume. | Isekelwe ohlelweni lokuvikela lwe-SELinux, futhi izinhlelo zokusebenza ziyahlungwa ngaphambi kokushicilelwa ku-Google Play ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi azinalo unya. Kunjalo, inohlelo lokuvimba imithombo yezinkampani zangaphandle ukuze ivikeleke, kanye nohlelo lwezimvume. |
| izilimi | Itholakala ngezilimi ezingaba ngu-24. | Itholakala ngezilimi ezingaphezu kwezi-100. |
I-iOS/iPadOS vs i-Android: Izinzuzo nokungalungi kwayo ngayinye
Ngemininingwane yobuchwepheshe eshiwo ngenhla, kufanele manje ube nombono ocacile ngezinzuzo kanye nokungalungi kwaleso naleso sici. Kodwa ukuze kube lula ngawe ukukhetha uhlelo lokusebenza olufanele, nansi eminye yemihle kanye nokungalungi okuphawulekayo kwaleso naleso sici:
- i-iOS / IPOSIdizayinelwe zonke izinhlobo zabasebenzisi, kulula kakhulu ukuyisebenzisa futhi inembile, futhi ivikelekile, izinzile, futhi inikeza inani elikhulu lezinhlelo zokusebenza. Kodwa-ke, ukusuka endaweni eyodwa ukuya kwenye kungaletha ubunzima obuthile, ngakho-ke uma uke wasebenzisa i-Android ngaphambilini futhi ungagculisekile ngayo, ukushintshela ku-ecosystem ye-Apple kuzodinga ukulungiswa okuthile. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, okulandelayo kufanelekile ukuqaphela:
- Izinzuzo:
- Ukusebenziseka: I-iOS/iPadOS, yakhelwe ngqo amadivayisi we-Apple, iqinisekisa ukuhlanganiswa okuhle phakathi kwesoftware nehardware. Lokhu kuwenza abe amadivaysi asheshayo futhi asebenza kahle.
- Ikhwalithi: Izinhlelo zokusebenza nezingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha ngokuvamile zisezingeni eliphezulu, kanye nokuba nedizayini ekhetheke kakhulu.
- Ezokuphepha: Isakhiwo esivaliwe nokulawula okuqinile kwe-App Store kunomthelela endaweni ephephile ngokuya ngohlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha nezinsongo, okungenzeka zidlule i-Android, nakuba ingenabungozi.
- I-ecosystem ehlanganisiwe: Ukuhlanganiswa okungenamthungo namanye amadivaysi e-Apple, njenge-Mac, i-iPad, i-Apple Watch, nezinsizakalo ezifana ne-iCloud, kuvumela okuhlangenwe nakho okuhle kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nokuba ne-ecosystem ehlukahlukene, lapho mhlawumbe kungeyona yonke into esebenza kahle.
- nebubi:
- Ukwenza ngokwezifiso okukhawulelwe: Ukwenza ngendlela oyifisayo isistimu neyomsebenzisi kunomkhawulo kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa ne-Android. I-Jailbreaking nayo inzima kakhulu.
- Izindleko: Amadivayisi we-Apple ngokuvamile abiza kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nezinketho ezifanayo ze-Android.
- Izinhlobonhlobo ezincane zamadivayisi: I-Apple yenza inombolo elinganiselwe yamadivayisi, engakhawulela ukukhetha kubathengi, kuyilapho i-Android inikeza izinketho ezinkulu.
- Izinzuzo:
- AndroidIdizayinelwe zonke izinhlobo zabasebenzisi, kulula kakhulu ukuyisebenzisa futhi inembile, futhi ivikelekile, izinzile, futhi nenani elikhulu lezinhlelo zokusebenza ezitholakalayo, nangaphezu kwe-Apple. Okufanayo kusebenza uma usujwayele imvelo ye-Apple, noma unamanye amadivaysi e-Apple ekhaya, kungcono ukhethe i-iOS/iPadOS ukuze uthole kalula futhi uhlanganise. Futhi, okulandelayo kufanelekile ukugqanyiswa:
- Izinzuzo:
- Izinhlobonhlobo zamadivayisi: I-Android itholakala kumadivayisi anhlobonhlobo avela kubakhi abahlukahlukene, enikeza izinketho zebhajethi nezintandokazi ezahlukene.
- Ukwenza ngendlela oyifisayo okuthuthukile: Abasebenzisi banenkululeko enkulu yokwenza ngokwezifiso interface yomsebenzisi futhi balungise izilungiselelo ngokuvumelana nezintandokazi zabo. Ukwengeza, uzothola izinhlelo zokusebenza ezifana neziqalisi nezinye izici eziningi ezingadingi impande ukuze zisebenze kahle.
- Umthombo Ovulekile: Njengoba ingumthombo ovulekile, ingadlulisa ukuzethemba okwengeziwe futhi uze ube nama-ROM ane-kernel engenawo ama-blob kanambambili, izinguqulo ezinokuphepha nokuthuthukiswa kobumfihlo, ngaphandle kwe-GMS, njll.
- Amasevisi e-Google: I-Apple ayinakho ukuhlukahluka okuningi kumasevisi njenge-Google, futhi amanye ahluliwe, njenge-Maps ngokumelene ne-Google Amamephu. Isibonelo, kulawa madivayisi, uzothola ukuhlanganiswa ne-Gmail, GDrive, YouTube, Maps, Chrome, GBoard, Lens, Play Umculo, Izithombe, njll. ngokuzenzakalelayo.
- nebubi:
- Ukuhlukaniswa: Ukuhlukaniswa kwesistimu esebenzayo kungaholela kulwazi lomsebenzisi olungaguquki, njengoba abakhiqizi bekhipha izibuyekezo ngejubane labo. Kodwa-ke, izinhlobo ezinkulu zedivayisi yeselula njenge-Google, i-Samsung, nezinye azinazo izinkinga.
- Ukuphepha okuguquguqukayo: Ngenxa yokuhlukahluka kwamadivayisi nabakhiqizi, ukuvikeleka kungahluka, ikakhulukazi kumadivayisi amadala noma asezingeni eliphansi.
- Ukulungiselela okuncane: Ngenxa yokuthi kufanele isebenze kumadivayisi ahlukahlukene ahlukene, ayilungiselelwa noma iyiphi idivayisi ethile, okungaholela ekuhlakazweni kwemisebenzi engasebenzi kuzo zonke.
- Izinzuzo:
Impela, usuvele wazi ukuthi ukukhetha phakathi kwe-iOS ne-Android kuzoncika ekuthandeni komuntu ngamunye nezici ezifana nesabelomali, ukwenza ngokwezifiso okufiswayo, kanye nokuncanyelwayo kwe-ecosystem ethile…