- Isimemezelo esihlanganyelwe se-27 esinezinto ezibalulekile ezinhlanu: ubudlelwano, ukuxhasa ngezimali, ithalente, ukusimama, kanye nokubambisana kwamazwe ngamazwe.
- Buyekeza ukuze kusheshiswe ukutshalwa kwezimali, kuqondise izimvume, futhi uqinisekise ukufinyeleleka kobuchwepheshe bokuklama nokukhiqiza okubalulekile.
- Izinsika zamanje: I-R&D kanye namaphrojekthi okulinga, ukuphepha kokuhlinzekwa ngosizo olugunyaziwe, kanye nendlela yokubhekana nezinhlekelele.
Imboni ye-semiconductor ibhekene nezinguquko futhi i-Europe inqume ukuthatha isinyathelo ngokubuyekeza ngokugcwele imithetho yayo, eyaziwa ngele- I-Chip Law 2.0Okusetafuleni akukhona ukulungisa okulula kwezobuchwepheshe: sikhuluma ngezinguquko zokusheshisa ukutshalwa kwezimali, ukuqinisa amakhono kanye nokuvikela ukuqina kochungechunge lokuhlinzekwa kwempahla osekubonakale lubalulekile emnothweni kanye nasezweni. ukuphepha kwamasu.
Emasontweni asanda kwedlula, Amazwe Angamalungu angama-27 agunyaze Isimemezelo Esihlanganyelwe esibeka isiqondiso salokhu kubuyekezwa, ngezinto ezinhlanu ezibekwe eqhulwini ezicacile kanye nomkhankaso odidiyelwe womfelandawonye ongakaze ubonwe wombuso nezimboni. Ngokuhambisanayo, España Ivula ama-levers ayo (i-PERTE Chip kanye ne-SETT) ukuze umphumela we-ajenda yomphakathi uhumushele kumakhono wangempela endaweni yethu.
Uyini umthetho we-European Chip Law futhi kungani ubuyekezwa?
Okwamanje Umthetho we-European Chip Iqale ukusebenza ngoSepthemba 21, 2023, njengengxenye yephakeji eliphelele lokuqinisa i-EU semiconductor ecosystem. Umthethonqubo wazalwa unesifiso esicacile: ukuphinda kabili isabelo semakethe yaseYurophu sifinyelele ku-20% ngo-2030, ukunciphisa ukuncika kwangaphandle kanye nokuqinisa ubukhosi bezobuchwepheshe be-bloc.
Indlela yakhe isekelwe ku amagoli amakhulu amahlanu: Shayela ubuholi ku-R&D, thuthukisa idizayini ethuthukisiwe nokupakishwa, sungula uhlaka oluzinzile lokukhuphula izinga lokukhiqiza, vala igebe lamathalenta, futhi uthuthukise ukuqonda okujulile kwamaketango okunikezwayo emhlabeni jikelele. Konke ngokugxila kuma-chips amancane, asheshayo namandla esizukulwane esilandelayo.
Ukuwusebenzisa, umthetho uhlelwa ube izinsika ezintathu zesenzoI-Pillar I (Chips for Europe Initiative) ixhasa amakhono ezobuchwepheshe, amaphrojekthi okuhlola, nezikhungo zamakhono ezisekela amabhizinisi, ikakhulukazi ama-SME neziqalo. I-Pillar II ibeka phambili ukuphepha kokuhlinzekwa nokuqina, iheha ukutshalwa kwezimali kanye nezinqubo ezilula. Insika III idala uhlelo lwe ukuqapha kanye nezimpendulo zenhlekelele nge-European Semiconductor Council (ESCB), exhumanisa Amazwe Angamalungu neKhomishini.
Okuhlangenwe nakho okutholwe kulo bhubhane, izinkinga zomhlaba wonke, kanye nokujaha ukutshalwa kwezimali okuvela kwamanye ama-blocs (i-United States ne-Asia) kubonise ukuthi iYurophu idinga ukulungisa isu layo. Ngakho-ke, sekuvulwe isigaba esisha. isibuyekezo esibheke phambili —okudume kakhulu ukuthi i-Chip Law 2.0— ukulungisa ubuthakathaka, ukusheshisa amaphrojekthi, nokuqinisekisa ukuthi imigomo iyafezeka futhi iyalinganiseka.
I-SEMICON/SEMICOM Coalition kanye nesimemezelo sayo ku-27 iyazalwa
NgoMashi 2025, kwasungulwa umfelandawonye owawuholwa yiNetherlands kanye namazwe angamaLungu ayisishiyagalombili, okwathi ngesikhashana nje wathola ukwesekwa Amazwe ayi-27 e-EU kanye nesakhiwo esikhulu sezimboni. Emithonjeni eminingana ivela njenge-SEMICON noma I-SEMICOM, kodwa injongo yakhona icacile: ukuqondisa ohulumeni nezimboni ukuze kube noshintsho olunamandla nolusebenzayo lokulawula.
Ngomhla zingama-29 kuSepthemba 2025, umfelandawonye wanikezela ngokusemthethweni kuKhomishini YaseYurophu a Isimemezelo esihlanganyelwe efingqa izinto ezibalulekile zezombusazwe zokubuyekezwa. Ungqongqoshe waseDashi uVincent Karremans wenze ngokusemthethweni ukuhanjiswa kwalo mbhalo, egcizelela isidingo sokujwayelanisa isu lezimboni zaseYurophu endaweni eshubile yezepolitiki kanye nesidingo esikhulayo esixhumene ne-AI, izimoto, amandla kanye nokuvikela.
Usekelo oluyimfihlo luye lwaphawuleka. Ngaphezu kwe 50 izinkampani kanye nezinhlangano zomkhakha zibhalisela umumo wombhalo: SEMI (okungamaqembu azungeze izinkampani ezingu-3.000), I-NVIDIA, umholi kuma-GPUI-ASML, i-Intel, i-STMicroelectronics, ne-Infineon, phakathi kwabanye. Lokhu kusekelwa kwengeza imisipha kanye nokwethembeka ku-ajenda efuna ukukala ngokushesha ukutshalwa kwezimali kanye namakhono.
Ngaphezu kwesiMemezelo, iKhomishini yethula ngomhla ziyisi-5 kuMandulo wezi-2025 a ukubonisana nomphakathi kanye nesicelo sedatha ukuze kuqoqwe okokufaka kulo lonke uchungechunge lwenani. Lokhu kubamba iqhaza okuvulekile kuzovumela ukuguqulwa ukuthi kuhambisane nezidingo zangempela zalabo abaklama, abakha, abapakisha, futhi basebenzise ama-chips eYurophu.
Izinto ezinhlanu ezibalulekile ezizohola ukubuyekezwa
- Izivumelwano zokucwaninga ngemboni kanye nama-SME: ukukhulisa ama-ecosystem ahambisanayo, ukuxhuma abakhiqizi abakhulu nabaqalayo, ama-SME nezikhungo ze-R&D. Umgomo uwukukhuthaza uchungechunge lwenani oluqinile, kusukela kubahlinzeki bempahla kuya ezimakethe zokugcina, kanye nokwesekwa Abaholi baseYurophu emisha.
- Ukuxhasa ngezimali okuvunyelanisiwe nokushesha: xhumanisa i-EU kanye nezimali zikazwelonke, usheshise ukugunyazwa kwamaphrojekthi wamasu futhi uhlanganise imali eyinhloko yangasese. Kuphakanyiswa ukuthi lokhu kubonakale oHlelweni Lwezezimali Lweminyaka Yonke elandelayo futhi, ngokwesiphakamiso, a isabelomali esithile kuma-semiconductors.
- Ithalente namakhono: sebenzisa izinhlelo zokuqeqesha ezithuthukisiwe, lungiselela ukushintshana kwabacwaningi, futhi udale okungenzeka kube Uhlelo Lwamakhono LwaseYurophu kuma-Chips. Ukushoda kwamaphrofayili wezobuchwepheshe sekuvele a ibhodlela kumaphrojekthi amasha.
- Ukuguquka kwemvelo: thuthukisa imiklamo ehlanzekile nokukhiqiza, ngokushintshanisa izinto eziyingozi, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla avuselelekayo, ukusebenza kahle kwamanzi, kanye nokujikeleza kwezinto. Ama-semiconductors azoba ukhiye ku-a umnotho ophansi we-carbon.
- Ukubambisana kwamazwe ngamazwe: qinisa ubudlelwano nozakwethu abanomqondo ofanayo ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwe-EU, vikela izinto ezibalulekile, hlukanisa uchungechunge lokuhlinzeka futhi uhehe amakhono angaphandle abalulekile qinisa i-ecosystem I-European.
Ukusuka ku-20% wokuvelela ukuya ezinhlosweni ezingokoqobo nezilinganisekayo
Umthetho wamanje ubeke umgomo wokufeza 20% wemakethe yomhlaba ukukhiqizwa kwe-chip ngo-2030. Nokho, ukuhlaziya okuhlukahlukene kwakamuva kubonisa ukuthi, ngesivinini samanje, iYurophu izovala ishumi leminyaka nxazonke. 11,7%Eqinisweni, i-Semiconductor Industry Association (SIA) ilinganisele isabelo semakethe sase-Europe esingaba ngu-9,2% ngo-2024, ngemuva kwe-United States neNingizimu Korea.
Igagasi lokuqala leChip Law (2023) lahlangana mayelana 43.000 million euro phakathi kwezimali zikahulumeni kanye nezangasese, kodwa selwehlile ekuphakameni obekuhlosiwe. Ngokuhambisanayo, i-United States yenze kusebenze uMthetho wayo we-CHIPS neSayensi kanye noMthetho Wokuncishiswa Kokwehla kwamandla emali, okwaqala ukutshalwa kwezimali okungamashumi ezigidigidi nokuheha amaphrojekthi abalulekile. EYurophu, kuye kwaba nezithiyo, njengokucabanga kabusha Intel mayelana nemboni entsha eJalimane.
Ngephakeji engu-2.0, Amazwe Angamalungu kanye nezimboni ziphusha ukuphindaphindeka kuze kufike ezine utshalomali zamanje, izimvume ezilula kanye nokufinyelela ekuklameni okubalulekile kanye nobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza. Umqondo uwukudlulela ngale "kwedeskithophu" futhi uye ezinqumweni ezihumushela emandleni aphathekayo embonini, kusukela kumawafa nokupakishwa kuye ekuhlolweni nasekuhlanganiseni.
Ukugxila akusekho nje "ekutholeni isabelo semakethe," kodwa ubuthakathaka obuseduze: ukutholakala kwezinto ezibalulekile, umthamo wokupakisha othuthukisiwe, ukuchayeka okuncishisiwe kumabhodlela, kanye nokusheshisa kokulawula. I-Europe ifuna ukuncintisana ngokufaneleka kwayo, ngokuqina okwanele kanye nenqwaba ebucayi ukugwema ukusala ngemuva.
Izinsika, ukubusa kanye namaphrojekthi agunyaziwe
I-Chips for Europe Initiative (Pillar I) ixhasa ngezimali imigqa yokuhlola ye-R&D, ukuhlola, nokwenza i-prototyping ngokukhiqiza okuncane. Lezi zinkundla zivala igebe ilabhorethri ukuya efektri, evumela ukudluliswa kobuchwepheshe okusheshisiwe kanye nenqubo yokukala. Izikhungo Zekhono, esezivele zitshaliwe kuwo wonke Amazwe Angamalungu naseNorway, zisekela ngokukhethekile ama-SME kanye neziqalo ngokuqeqeshwa, ukufinyelela kwingqalasizinda, nokusekelwa kwezobuchwepheshe.
I-Pillar II ibeka phambili ukutshalwa kwezimali ekukhiqizeni, ekufakweni okuthuthukisiwe, ukuhlola, nokuhlanganisa. Ukuze kube lula ukuthunyelwa kwayo, iKhomishana isishicilele izinkomba ukuqondisa izinqubo zezindawo zokukhiqiza ezididiyelwe ze-EU kanye nezisekelo ezivulekile, okusiza ukufinyelela okubalulekile emigqeni yokuhlola nokunciphisa izithiyo zokuphatha.
Kulolu hlaka, iKhomishana isivele yagunyaza izinqumo eziyisikhombisa zosizo lukahulumeni ezikhungweni zokuphayona, nenani eliphelele (elikahulumeni nelongasese) elingaphezu kwama-€31.500 billion. Amaphrojekthi ahlanganisa: I-STMicroelectronics e-Catania (Italy) enezinkwa eziyisinkwa ze-SiC namadivayisi; Ukuhlanganyela kwe-ESMC (TSMC + Bosch/Infineon/NXP) eDresden, eJalimane, enobuchwepheshe be-CMOS neFinFET; I-STMicro kanye ne-GlobalFoundries e-Crolles, e-France, eno-300 mm FD-SOI; Ibhokisi leSilicon eNovara, e-Italy, lokupakishwa okuthuthukile; I-Infineon e-Dresden, eJalimane, yesiginali ye-analog/exubile; kanye ne-OSRAM e-Premstätten, e-Austria, enobuchwepheshe be-CMOS.
I-Pillar III isungula i- I-European Semiconductor Council (ESCB) njengendlela yokuxhumanisa yokwenza imephu yochungechunge lwenani, ukulindela ubungozi, nokusebenzisa izinyathelo eziphuthumayo uma kutholwa izingqinamba zokuhlinzeka. Ukubusa kuhlanganisa umsebenzi wangaphambilini weQembu Lochwepheshe Bezemiconductor YaseYurophu, manje elihlanganisa Amazwe Angamalungu ngaphansi kobuholi beKhomishana.
Indima yaseSpain: I-PERTE Chip ne-SETT
ISpain isekela isu lomphakathi ngokusebenzisa i I-PERTE Chip, enikezwe ama-euro angaphezu kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-12.000, kanye I-Spanish Society for Technological Transformation (SETT), edalwe ngoJulayi 2024. I-SETT iphatha izimali ze-PERTE nezinye izisetshenziswa ezifana ne-Next Tech noma i-Spain Audiovisual Hub, ngokugxila ekutshalweni kwezimali ngokubambisana komphakathi nezinkampani ezizimele kanye nokudluliswa kobuchwepheshe.
I-PERTE Chip ihlose ukuqinisa uchungechunge lwamanani lukazwelonke Kuma-microelectronics nama-semiconductors: ukuheha izitshalo nezikhungo zokuklama, ukukhuthaza ukupakishwa okuthuthukile, ukwenza imali ngamakhono wezithombe, nokuqinisa ukuxhumana phakathi kwamanyuvesi, izikhungo zocwaningo, nezinkampani ezihamba phambili.
Ngale kwamaphrojekthi amakhulu, idatha yokuthengwa kwempahla yomphakathi ibonisa ukulandelana okuqhubekayo kokutshalwa kwezimali ezingxenyeni zobuchwepheshe. Ngokusho kwe-TendersTool (ngaphambilini eyayibizwa nge-Adjudicaciones TIC), cishe amaphrojekthi ayi-100,000 aklonyeliswa ngo-2024. 110 million euro ezinkontilekeni ezingama-737. Phakathi kwamathenda aphambili bekukhona i-Andalusian Public Education Agency (izigidi ezingama-27; izinkontileka ezingama-49), uMnyango we-IT woMkhandlu Wedolobha laseMadrid (izigidi eziyi-18), kanye neTelecommunications and Information Technology Center yeGeneralitat de Catalunya (izigidi eziyi-11; izinkontileka ezi-5).
Ngo-2025 (Januwari-Septhemba), inani elinikeziwe seliseduze 98 million euro ezinkontilekeni ezingama-343. Phakathi kwabahlinzeki abanevolumu enkulu kukhona i-Econocom Products & Solutions (izigidi ezingu-21; izinkontileka ezingu-36), i-Inforein (izigidi ezingu-18 ekwenziweni okukhulu), kanye ne-Infoser New Technologies (izigidi ezingu-12; izinkontileka ezi-2). Nakuba kungeyona yonke into eyi-microelectronics, lezi zibalo zibonisa a ukushayela kwesikhungo isekelwa ihadiwe ye-ICT kanye nezinsizakalo ezisiza ukudala isidingo nesisindo esibucayi.
Inhloso ye-Chip Law 2.0
Ukubuyekezwa kuhlose ukubhekana nezingqinamba ezihlonzwe esigabeni sokuqala. Izinyathelo okuxoxwa ngazo zibandakanya a isabelomali esithile kuma-semiconductors, veza izinqubo zokugunyaza ukutshalwa kwezimali okukhulu ezimbonini nengqalasizinda kanye nezindlela eziqinisekisa ukufinyelela kuzo ama-process nodes afana ne-2 nm y IP ukugxeka okuklama nokukhiqiza.
Kuhlongozwa futhi ukuqinisa imifelandawonye yemingcele ku-R&D, ukuklama, kanye nokupakishwa okuthuthukile; kanye nokwandisa ububanzi bamathuluzi ezezimali ukuze kuhehwe izimali ezizimele, okuhlanganisa izinketho zokutshala izimali ngokubambisana neziqinisekiso ezinciphisa ubungozi bobuchwepheshe bamaphrojekthi.
Ingxenye yethalenta iguquguqukayo: kuyadingeka ukwandisa ukunikezwa kwe amaphrofayili ezobuchwepheshe (cubungula ubunjiniyela, ukwakheka kwesekethe, ukuhlolwa nokuqinisekiswa, izithombe ezididiyelwe, ikhemistri yezinto zokwakha, ukupakishwa, njll.) futhi kube lula ukuhamba kwazo kulo lonke elaseYurophu. Isiphakamiso se-European Chip Skills Programme siya ngale ndlela.
Okokugcina, ukusimama kuhlanganiswe njenge-vector yokuncintisana. Ukwenziwa kwe-chip kudla amanzi, amandla, nezinto zokwakha, ngakho i-Agenda 2.0 ibeka phambili ukusebenza kahle kwamanzi, okuvuselelekayo, ukufaka esikhundleni sezinto eziyingozi kanye namasu ayindingiliza wokulahlwa kwemfucuza kanye nemikhiqizo ekhiqizwayo, ehambisana nezinjongo zesimo sezulu ze-EU.
Umkhakha onamasu ngempela
Ama-semiconductors asekela izimboni ezibalulekile: ezezimoto, ezokuxhumana, ikhompuyutha, ukuvikela, isikhala, ukunakekelwa kwezempilo, amandla, nezinto zikagesi zabathengi. Ngemuva kokushoda kwe-chip yomhlaba wonke, kwacaca ukuthi ukuphazamiseka kochungechunge lokuhlinzeka kungamisa imigqa yokuhlangana, kuphazamise imishini yezokwelapha, noma kubambezele ukushintshwa kwamandla.
Igagasi le-artificial intelligence libangele isidingo sama-accelerator, inkumbulo yomkhawulokudonsa ophezulu nezixazululo ukupakisha Okungafani. Noma ubani ophethe lezi zixhumanisi uzobusa ingxenye enkulu yenani elingeziwe leminyaka eyishumi ezayo, okuchaza umjaho wokuheha abatshalizimali, benze imifelandawonye, futhi bathuthukise amakhono abo.
IYurophu isivele inezimpahla ezihlukile - imishini ye-lithographic ASML, ubuholi bezimoto namandla, isisekelo esiqinile sesayensi-kodwa kudinga ukuqinisa inethiwekhi yayo yezimboni nokuqinisekisa ukufinyelela ezintweni ezibalulekile. Ngakho-ke ukugcizelela kwesiMemezelo ekwenzeni imifelandawonye namazwe anomqondo ofanayo, abahlinzeki abahlukahlukene kanye ukuheha amakhono okuhambisana nezwekazi.
Ngokuhambisanayo, i-EU igcina isiteshi sesikhungo sokufinyelela okuqukethwe okusemthethweni, okuhlanganisa imibhalo eyizethenjwa kanye okulandwayo esidlangalaleni okuhlobene nokuhlolwa komthetho kanye nokubonisana okuvulelekile. Le mithombo isiza ukwazisa idizayini yezinguquko ngobufakazi nedatha eqinisekisiwe.
I-SEMICOM njengenkundla yokubambisana
Umfelandawonye we-SEMICOM - Austria, Belgium, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Poland kanye España- wazalwa ngenhloso yokuxhumanisa imizamo nokugwema ukuphindaphinda. Ingqophamlando yayo yokuqala ebambekayo iSimemezelo Sezinto Ezibalulekile, manje esesekwa yiwo wonke Amazwe Angamalungu, esihlanganisa izwi elilodwa ngaphakathi kweKhomishini YaseYurophu.
Ifilosofi iyi-pragmatic: yakha izivumelwano zezimboni ze-pan-European, sebenzisa umnotho wesilinganiso futhi uqondise izinsiza ezingxenyeni lapho iYurophu ingaba khona. kubalulekile (amandla okucubungula e-AI, amandla ahlukene ezimoto zikagesi, izithombe, i-FD-SOI, izinzwa, ukupakishwa okuthuthukile…). Impumelelo izoncika ekuguquleni isu libe izimboni, ukufaka amathuluzi kanye nomsebenzi oneziqu.
Le ndlela yokwabelana ihlose ukunciphisa ubungozi, ukukhulisa umthelela wezimali, futhi inikeze isiqiniseko sokulawula kubatshalizimali nabathuthukisi. Empeleni, iqondanisa ubukhosi bezobuchwepheshe, ukuchuma ezomnotho kanye nokusimama, izikhungo ezintathu isiMemezelo ezizihlonza njengezimbazo zezinguquko.
Ongakulindela ezinyangeni ezizayo
IKhomishana izohlanganisa imibono yezobuchwepheshe neyenqubomgomo evela emazweni Angamalungu kanye nezimboni ekuxoxisaneni nomphakathi. izincomo Isimemezelo se-SEMICOM cishe sizosebenza njengesisekelo sokulungisa uxhaso lwezimali, ukucubungula kanye nokubambisana kwamazwe ngamazwe.
Uma inqubo iqhubeka, sizobona ushintsho olungokoqobo: izinqumo zokutshala izimali ezisheshayo, amaphrojekthi abalulekile abekwe eqhulwini, ukuqinisa ithalente, nezindlela zokuzinza ezakhelwe phansi kusukela phansi. Konke lokhu, kuhambisana namamethrikhi acacile okulinganisa ukuthi iYurophu isendleleni ngempela yini. ukuvala isikhala namahabhu amakhulu omhlaba we-semiconductor.
Ukhiye kuzoba ukubulawa: ukusebenzisana kuwo wonke amazinga esikhungo, imithetho ezinzile, kanye newindi lezezimali elivumela imboni ukuthi ihambe ngesivinini esifunwa yimakethe. Umgomo awusewona nje u-2030, kodwa ukubeka izisekelo zeminyaka eyishumi ezayo. emisha kuma-microelectronics.
Ukubuyekezwa koMthetho weChip kuvula a iwindi langempela lethuba eYurophu: ukuhlanganisa i-semiconductor ecosystem eqhudelanayo, esimeme futhi eqinile esekelwa imifelandawonye, uxhaso lwezimali oludidiyelwe, ithalente nokubambisana kwamazwe ngamazwe; uma izifiso zezombangazwe ziguqulwa zibe amaphrojekthi ezimboni ezibonakalayo futhi ngezinqubo ezisheshayo, iYurophu izobe isithathe isinyathelo esiwujuqu ebilokhu ithembisa isikhathi eside.
